水稻库/源比对叶片光合作用、同化物运输和分配及叶片衰老的影响  

Influences of Sink-Source Ratio Alteration on Photosynthesis, Assimilate Translocation and Partitioning and Leaf Senescence of Rice

作　　者：潘晓华[1] 王永锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生物系

出　　处：《作物学报》1998年第6期821-827,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金;中山大学"211工程"前沿性课题研究资助项目

摘　　要：两系杂交稻N31S/P40水培稻株不同库/源比植株剑叶光合速率在灌浆结实前期去叶处理明显高于对照,去1/2花则降低光合速率;灌浆中、后期处理间差异较小。改变库/源比后1～7天.去叶处理剑叶的RuBP羧化酶活性、光合磷酸化和Hill反应活性、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性,叶片中无机磷含量、被同化碳在醇溶部分分配比例及光合同化物从剑叶输出的速率均明显高于对照,而叶片中蔗糖和淀粉含量低于对照。去1/2花处理则表现为与去叶效应相反的作用。库/源比对蜡熟期^(14)C-同化物从剑叶输出和向稻穗分配均有明显影响。提高库/源比可减轻叶片的脂质过氧化,具一定的延缓叶片衰老的作用。The sink-source ratio of the hydroponic cultured plants of rice hybrid N31S/ P40 was altered by excising half spikelets or all the leaves but the flag leaf at the anthesis stage. The photosynthetic rates of the flag leaves differed remarkably among the treatments at the early stage of filling, with the defoliation increasing and the half spikelets removal decreasing the pho tosynthetic rate of the flag leaf, but the difference was not so much at the mid-late ripening stage. The defoliation increased the activities of ribulose-1. 5-bisphosphate carboxylase and su crose phosphate synthase of the flag leaf, the activities of photophosphorylation and Hill reaction of chloroplasts, the content of inorganic phosphate, the partition ratio of carbon fixed in calvin cycle to the ethanol solution, and the exporting rate of photosynthates of the flag leaf, but de creased the contents of sucrose and starch in the flag leaf. The half spikelets removal showed con trary effects as compared with the diefoliation. At the dough stage, more 14C- assimilates of the flag leaf were distributed to the panicles in the defoliated plants and more to the stem-sheath in the plants with half spikelets removal, but the sink-source ratio showed no significant effect on the 14C- assimilate exporting and distribution of the flag leaf at the milky stage. Increasing the sink-source ratio could alleviate the lipid peroxidation and delay the leaf senescence.

关 键 词：水稻 光合作用 叶片衰老 

分 类 号：S511.101[农业科学—作物学]