副词“有望”的功能、特征与发展  

On the Functions,Features and Development of the Adverb"Youwang(有望)"

作　　者：张谊生[1] 顿婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文传播学院,200234

出　　处：《汉语学报》2010年第1期12-22,共11页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(07BYY048)"近30年来汉语虚词的发展变化及其演化趋势研究"的一部分;上海市重点学科(S30402);上海市哲社项目(2006BYY006)的资助

摘　　要："有望"在句法上具有唯状性,不能被否定,也不能构成"X不X"短语提问;与其他副词连用时句位相对灵活,使用中常与"有希望、可望、无望、在望"等对举、配合。"有望"的情态化语义特征体现为互有联系的四个方面:意愿性、可能性、如意性、未然性。近年来"有望"词义进一步泛化,主观意愿弱化,如意评价淡化,可以修饰一些中性的甚至消极的客观现象,兼表未然的表体功能得到了进一步的凸显。Syntactically'youwang(有望)'can only be used as an adverbial,which can not benegated nor be put in the'X‘bu(不) ' X'construction.And when used together with otheradverbs,its position is relatively flexible,and can often collocate with'youxiwang(有希望)','kewang(可望)','wuwang(无望)'or'zaiwang(在望)'.The modal feature of'youwang(有望)'lies in four connective aspects:willingness,probability,satisfaction andpossibility.In recent years,the meaning of'youwang(有望)'has been developing—itssubjective willingness has been reduced,and objectivity weakened.Nowadays the adverb'youwang(有望)'can also be used to describe some neutral or even passive phenomenon,and the tense-aspect function of possibility has been intensified as well.

关 键 词：有望 情态 意愿 如意 未然 发展 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]