中国获取全球石油资源的战略选择  

China’s Strategic Options at Tapping the World’s Crude Oil Resources

作　　者：孙学峰[1] 王海滨[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际关系学系 [2]清华大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《当代亚太》2010年第1期57-78,共22页Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies

基　　金：北京大学国际战略研究中心的资助

摘　　要：大国获得海外石油权益的基本目标是希望能够顺利进入、分享石油资源,理想目标则是能够逐步稳定、扩大既有的石油开采权益。大国分享石油资源的关键在于能否有效降低竞争对手(包括先进入国家和其他后进入国家)的抵制,争取资源拥有国的支持。从中国能源外交的实践来看,有限分流是成功分享海外石油权益最为重要的战略,而有效化解竞争对手干扰的主要策略包括限制收益和借助矛盾。在实现基本目标后,大国若想稳定甚至扩大既有的石油开发权益,关键因素则在于提高本国对于油气资源区域的影响力。对中国来说,提高对油气资源区域国家影响力的主要途径包括保持良好的政治经济关系和提高开发效率,而很少通过向资源拥有方提供安全保护来拓展海外石油利益,这主要源于中国目前的实力特征和整体对外战略取向。Successful entry into, as well as to acquire a share of, the world＇s crude oil resource pool constitutes one of the most fundamental objectives of big powers when exercising their rights to overseas crude oil supplies the ultimate aim is to gradually stabilize, then expand existing rights to oil exploitation. The key to this process is whether the big power in question is able to effectively overcome the resistance of its competitors, and win over the support of resource suppliers. On closer examination of China＇s energy diplomacy, limited diversification of interests is the most important strategy at securing the rights to overseas crude oil. Meanwhile, restricted gains and exploiting contradictions are effective strategies against competitors interference. After its fundamental objectives are fulfilled, the big power would need to expand its influence over the supply regions in order to extend those oil exploitation rights. The Chinese experiences to this end have given some clues as to how this can be done. It primarily involves maintaining cordial political and economic relations with the supply regions, and raising exploitation efficiencies, in contrast to other options like providing security to resource suppliers. China＇s experience in this endeavor is a result of China＇s current capacity and overall foreign policy strategy.

关 键 词：中国经验 石油资源 战略选择 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济] F744