从法正林转向近自然林:德国多功能森林经营在国家、区域和经营单位层面的实践  

From Normal Forest to Close-to-nature Forest:Multi-functional Forestry and Its Practice at National,Regional and Forest Management Unit Levels in Germany

作　　者：陆元昌[1] 栾慎强 张守攻[1] Bernhard von der Heyde 雷相东[1] 包源 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091 [2]中德技术合作(GTZ)可持续森林经营项目办,北京100102

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2010年第1期1-11,共11页World Forestry Research

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD03A04;2006BAD23B01);中德技术合作森林可持续经营项目~~

摘　　要：简要介绍德国林业的发展历史、多功能林业的法律规定和实现多功能目标的近自然林业理论和技术,分别从经营单位、区域和国家层面分析总结了德国作为林业发达国家开展多功能森林经营的具体实例和初步结果,提出了在各个层面上多功能森林经营的工作要点和评价效果的方法、指标和标准等可学习借鉴的要点。认为多功能近自然林业的理论是中华民族一直倡导的"真、善、美"的文化理念在林业经营中的具体表达,我国开展多功能林业有良好的历史文化基础和现实需求动力。This paper introduces the history of forestry development,legal provisions regarding multi-functional forestry,and the theory and techniques of close-to-nature forest management for multi-purpose forestry in Germany.Case studies and experiences summary in terms of multi-purpose forest management at national,regional and forest management unit levels in Germany are presented.And the main points worth of learning are proposed in terms of multi-purpose forest management as well as the methods,indicators and criteria used in the management evaluation at different levels.It is concluded that the theory of close-to-nature forestry developed in Germany is the reflection of Chinese traditional cultural concepts presenting truth,goodness and beauty in forest management.Therefore,there is a good historical and cultural basis and practical demands to implement multifunctional forestry in China.

关 键 词：多功能林业 近自然森林经营 评价指标 

分 类 号：S757[农业科学—森林经理学]