湖区钉螺孳生地的微生态环境对钉螺分布的影响  

Influence regarding micro-ecological environment of Snail habitats in Lake area of the distribution of Snails

作　　者：李源培[1] 王海银[1] 周艺彪[1] 何忠 万伟 姜杰 姜庆五[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室,上海200032 [2]湖南省岳阳市君山区血防站

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2010年第2期163-166,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）（2006AA022402）;国家自然科学基金重大项目（30590374）;国家科技重大专项项目（2008ZXl0004-011）

摘　　要：目的探索微生态环境因素与钉螺密度之间的关系。方法在2007年10月至2008年10月选择湖南省岳阳市君山区洞庭湖区的草滩为现场，系统抽样查螺并测量部分框的植被盖度、土壤温度，同时采集约30g土壤样本。实验室压螺鉴定死活并分框记数，测量土壤含水量、土壤pH值。首先描述钉螺及各影响因素的分布情况，再用广义相加模型拟合分析多种环境因素与钉螺密度之间的关系。结果微生态环境因素共查104框，pH值为4．70。7．92，植被盖度为1％～96％，土壤温度为14．5～32．7℃，土壤含水量为0．07～2．00。环境相关因素的广义相加模型拟合发现湖区植被盖度没有统计学意义，其他因素均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。各微环境因素与钉螺密度间表现为非线性关系。结论各微环境因素与钉螺密度间为平滑函数关系，应考虑用广义相加模型对钉螺分布与其影响因素间的关系进行研究，从而采取适宜策略来改变钉螺生态，进而遏制钉螺的繁殖和扩散。Objective To explore the relationships between micro-ecological environmental factors and the density of Snails so as to provide information for the elimination of Snails and control of Schistosomiasis disease, under ecological methods. Methods A bottomland close to Junshan Park in Yueyang city, Hunan province was selected as the field for survey during 10,2007-10,2008, and a systematic sampling method was applied to determine the specific sites of Snail investigation. All the Snails in each frames were collected and the soil surface temperature and vegetation coverage in several frames were measured. 30 g soil sample in each selected frames were also collected simultaneously. The number of live Snails in each frame was counted by dissection, and soil measured pH value and soil moisture were tested in the laboratory. The distribution of Snails and micro- ecological environmental factors, fitted general additive model for the relationship of these factors and the Snail density were described. Results 104 frames were surveyed, with pH value as between 4.70-7.92, vegetation coverage as in 1% to 96%, soil surface temperature as in 14.5-32.7 ℃, the soil moisture as in 0.07-2.00. Under General additive model, data showed that there was no significant difference for vegetation coverage. However, other factors were all significantly different （P〈0.001）. It was found that a nonlinear relationship was existing between these factors and the Snail density. Conclusion Smoothing function relationship was noticed between the Snail density and micro-ecological environmental factors. It＇s suggested to fit general additive model to study the relationship between the distribution of Snails and its influencing factors, so as to adopt appropriate measures to change the related ecology to control the diffusion and reproduction of Snails.

关 键 词：湖区 钉螺孳生地 微生态环境 钉螺分布 广义相加模型 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]