一种大长度轨道直线度的测量方法和装置  

A Method and An Equipment for Measuring Straightness of Large-length Rails

作　　者：宋伟[1] 程维明[2] 刘亮[1] 孙桂清[1] 刘恩频[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学机电工程与自动化学院,上海200072 [2]上海工程技术大学,上海201620 [3]上海市特种设备监督检验技术研究院,上海200062

出　　处：《机械工程师》2010年第2期32-35,共4页Mechanical Engineer

基　　金：国家质量监督检验检疫总局科技计划项目(2009QK109);上海市质量技术监督局科技项目(2009-20)

摘　　要：以起重机轨道作为研究对象,研究了一种高精度、可自动化测量和实时在线分析的大长度轨道直线度的测量方法和装置。该方法利用准直激光束作为直线基准,携带光斑位置探测装置的小车行走于轨道上并根据激光光斑位置确定轨道测量点的偏差参数。光斑位置探测装置由一个接收屏、光路成像系统和一个二维PSD组成。针对300m长的起重机轨道的直线度测量,分析了装置的测量原理、数据处理方法,以及控制系统结构。并通过精度分析和误差评估证明了该方法和装置的可行性,仿真计算结果表明其原理误差仅为10-5mm数量级,完全符合大长度轨道的测量要求。A high precision method and an equipment of measuring the parameters of large-length crane rails, which could be automated measurement and real-time online analysis, is presented. This method uses collimated laser beams as datum lines; places a car carrying spot position detector walks on rail; then obtains parameters of the rail according to the spot position. The spot position detector mainly consists of a larger receiver screen, optical system and a two- dimensional PSD. The measurement principle, the data processing method and the architecture of control system are elaborated. The precision analysis proved the feasibility. The result of a computer simulation shows that the order of magnitude of the principle error is only of 10^-5mm, which proved that the method and the equipment can fully meet the requirements of measuring the large-length rail.

关 键 词：轨道检测 大长度轨道 激光准直 光电位置敏感器件 

分 类 号：TH74[机械工程—光学工程]