臀突客蚤的生活史及其叮吸人血试验  

The life cycle of Xenopsylla minax and the its test for human-blood sucking

作　　者：尹小平[1] 叶志辉[1] 叶瑞玉[2] 骄娃[1] 马东虎 

机构地区：[1]新疆阿拉山口出入境检验检疫局卫生检疫监管科,新疆博乐833418 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2010年第1期61-62,74,共3页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的观察新疆大沙鼠鼠疫媒介蚤臀突客蚤(Xenopsylla minax Jordan,1926)在实验室饲养条件下的生活史周期及该蚤是否能吸食人血。方法将采自新疆托里县玛依勒山谷地大沙鼠体的臀突客蚤养于小白鼠体。采用普通基础法和3龄成熟幼虫及蛹在平皿中培养2种方法,在18～24℃,70%～90%RH条件下饲养观察。用羽化1～3d的空腹子1代成虫在4人前臂及脚踝皮肤上做叮人吸血试验。结果卵期10～11d,幼虫期18～19d,蛹期10～12d,孕卵期2～3d。从成虫产卵到子1代成虫产卵共经历40～45d。34匹受试蚤(15♂♂,19♀♀)中有18♀♀吸人血,15♂♂和1♀不吸人血。结论臀突客蚤在上述实验室条件下完成一个生活史周期历经40～45d。子1代雌性成虫几乎均能吸食人血,而雄性则未见吸食人血。Objective To observe the life cycle of Xenopsylla minax Jordan, 1926 under laboratory conditions and whether it could suck in human blood or not. Methods The specimens of X. minax collected from Rhombomys opimus haunting Mayile Mountain valley of Tuli county of Xinjiang were fed on white mice. The life cycle was observed under the conditions of 18-24 ℃ and 70%-90% RH. The two breeding methods, including the common medium method and plate culture of third instar ripe larvae and pupae, were used for the study. The first filial generation adults 1-3 d after emergence with an empty stomach were induced to suck human blood from the anterior arm and ankle skin of 4 volunteeres. Results It was found that the egg stage was at 10-11 d, the larva stage 18-19 d, the pupa stage 10-12 d, and the pregnancy 2-3 d. 40-45 d was needed from oviposition of the adults to that of the first filial generation adults. Of the 34 tested fleas （15 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀ ） 18 9 ♀♀ showed the behavior of sucking human blood, but 15 ♂♂ and 1 ♀ did not. Conclusion It took 40-45 d for X. minax to complete a life cycle under laboratory conditions as stated. Almost all of the female first filial generation adults were able to suck human blood but the males were not.

关 键 词：臀突客蚤 生活史 叮吸人血试验 

分 类 号：R384.3[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]