不同氮肥水平对水稻冠层小气候和群体健康的影响  

Effects of N Rates on Canopy Microclimate and Community Health in Irrigated Rice

作　　者：贺帆[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第5期2285-2287,2338,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金海外杰出基金项目(30528005);国际水稻研究所(IRRI)RTOP项目;国家粮食丰产工程项目(2004BA520A12);农业部"948"引进项目(2003-Z53)

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同N肥水平对水稻冠层小气候和群体健康的影响,为研究水稻群体的生产潜力和构建水稻健康群体提供依据。[方法]利用Sunscan冠层分析系统研究不同施N条件下形成的水稻群体结构性状对水稻冠层温度、相对湿度和透光率及纹枯病的影响。[结果]群体叶面积指数、株高和茎蘖数对冠层增湿、降温和遮光有极显著效应。冠层昼温、冠层昼湿与LAI和茎蘖数,透光率与茎蘖数和株高均存在极显著的回归关系。在齐穗开花期,单位叶面积指数的冠层昼温下降效应和昼湿增加效应至少分别为0.87℃和2.5%;1 m2增加100株茎蘖可使冠层昼温至少下降1.23℃,昼湿至少增加3.3%;每10 cm株高和1 m2100株茎蘖的遮光效应分别为9.3%和7.8%。[结论]冠层昼温降低、冠层昼湿增加和透光率减少导致纹枯病病情指数极显著升高,由高N大群体生成的昼夜变幅小而稳定的冠层小气候将导致水稻群体健康状况的恶化,适度控制群体的空间发展是建立水稻健康群体的重要基础。[Objective] The aim was to study effects of N rates on rice canopy microclimate and community health and provide a scientific basis for study on the production potential of rice community and establishment of healthy rice.[Method] By using Sunscan canopy analysis system,effects of rice community structure traits under different N rates on rice canopy temperature,relative humidity（RH）,light transmittance and sheath blight were studied.[Result] The results showed that LAI,plant height and tiller number have significant effects on canopy cooling,RH enhancing,and light reducing.Extremely significant multiple linear regression relationships existed among canopy day temperature,day RH,LAI and tiller number,and among light transmittance,tiller number and plant height.At flowering stage,per unit LAI could result in a day-maximum-temperature（Tmax） deceasing of 0.87 ℃ and a day-minimum-RH（RHmin） enhancing of 2.5% within canopy.Similarly,100 plants per ㎡ could respectively cause a Tmax deceasing of 1.23 ℃ and a RHmin enhancing of 3.3% in rice canopy.And per 10 cm plant height and 100 plants per ㎡ could respectively reduce 9.3 and 7.8% of light in canopy.[Conclusion] Sheath blight disease index significantly enhanced as the canopy day temperature decreased,day RH increased and light transmittance reduced.Bigger canopy from higher nitrogen level treatment leads to a more stable canopy microclimate with little changes in temperature and RH during day and night,which has the risk of worsening canopy health.Thus,moderately controlling the space development of canopy is the basis of constructing healthy canopy in rice.

关 键 词：水稻 N肥水平 冠层小气候 群体结构 纹枯病 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]