三峡库区重庆段土壤重金属污染富集的矿物学分析  

Mineralogical Analysis of Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Soil of Chongqing in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：雷丹[1] 王亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学土木水电学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第1期68-74,共7页Journal of China Three Gorges University：Natural Sciences

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划专题(2008BAB29B09);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项子课题(2008ZX07104-004);中国水利水电科学研究院开放基金联合资助

摘　　要：分析了三峡库区重庆段51个土壤样品的矿物含量和重金属元素含量的变化,并对矿物含量和重金属元素含量进行相关性分析.结果表明,伊利石、高岭石、白云石、闪石、方解石和石英是土壤中主要矿物,且石英与其它几种矿物含量和土壤pH值成负相关性;Cu和Pb的含量显著高于Cd和Hg,而Cd的含量又高于Hg,但以Pb含量的差异性变化最大.同时,采用聚类分析方法分析土壤矿物组成及重金属含量,结果表明土壤矿物组成与各重金属含量之间存在明显的差异性,但相同来源的样品总体上亲缘性较近.采用R型因子分析方法分析土壤重金属元素含量变化的影响因素,Pb、Cu和Cd的含量都与高岭石和伊利石的吸附作用有关,而与蒙脱石、绿泥石的吸附性关系相对较弱;伊利石对Hg具有强吸附性.生活垃圾区的土壤明显存在重金属污染现象,特别是Hg和Cd污染程度相对较高,重金属主要被粘土矿物吸附,碳酸盐结合态和Fe氧化物结合态也较为普遍;母质土壤中,重金属被石英和粘土矿物吸附;长江水系沉积物中,重金属主要为粘土矿物吸附态,部分呈碳酸盐结合态,由于库底处于缺氧还原状态,Fe氧化物结合态的重金属被还原.然而,由于缺乏对土壤有机质等方面的分析资料,更深入的认识有待于下一步研究.This paper analyzes the mineral contents and their changes of heavy metal elements of samples in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing, and analyzes the correlation between calcite and quartz are the major minerals in soil; and quartz has negative corre mp oth SO1 mlnera hibole, er min- erals and soil pH ; Cu and Pb contents are significantly higher than those of Cd and Hg, and Cd contents are higher than Hg, but the differences of Pb contents are the biggest. Cluster analysis is used to analyze the soil mineral composition and heavy metals, which shows that the obvious differences existed between the mineral composition of soil and the content of heavy metals, but samples derived from similar environments are closer to the overall affinity. R-- factor analysis is used to analyze changes of heavy metals concentra- tions in soil factors. It shows that the Pb, Cu, and Cd contents have some relative with the adsorption of both illite and kaolinite, but weak correlation with montmorillonite, chlorite adsorption; and illite has a strong adsorption of Hg. In solid waste district, the phenomenon of heavy metal contamination of soil clear ly exists, especially Hg and Cd pollution is relatively heavy; adsorption of heavy metals is mainly of clay minerals and carbonate bound, Fe oxide bound is also more common; for parent material soil, heavy metals are adsorbed by quartz and clay minerals. For the Yangtze River sediments, heavy metals are mainly ad- sorbed by clay minerals, and some are the carbonate-bound, Fe oxide bound heavy metals have been reduced at the bottom of the Reservoir. However, due to lack of soil organic matter and other aspects of analysis, further research remains to be carried on in future work.

关 键 词：重金属污染 矿物 三峡库区 重庆 聚类分析 R型因子分析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]