试论预警原则与中国海洋渔业资源的可持续利用  

The Precautionary Principle and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources in China

作　　者：褚晓琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第2期366-371,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：上海高校选拔培养优秀青年教师科研专项基金:"预警原则在海洋生物资源养护和管理中的适用"(编号:B-8101-09-0037)

摘　　要：预警原则作为一种新颖的环境资源管理手段,其对海洋渔业资源养护的有效性已为一些国际协定和国外立法所确认。适用预警原则应满足以下条件:存在不确定危险;遵循成本收益分析原则、比例原则和非歧视原则;并定期检查、适时调整。目前我国海洋渔业资源管理工作也面临着内外双重压力,有必要在未来制定一部《海洋生物资源养护和管理法》。而当务之急是尽快修订现行《渔业法》,将预警原则确定为我国海洋渔业资源管理的基本原则;同时,还应通过建立综合性海洋管理部门、大量搜集科学信息、拓展群众参与途径、以及根据各海域的具体情况,有针对性地实施预警原则,促进我国海洋渔业资源的可持续利用。The precautionary principle is a new management means for environment and natural resources, and its usefulness of protecting marine fishery resources has been confirmed by some international agreements and countries’ legislations. The essence of the precautionary principle is that people should be cautious of the exploitation and utilization of the environment and resources given the scientific uncertainty. Application of the precautionary principle should satisfy the following conditions： 1） existence of uncertain danger; 2） complying with the principles of cost-benefit analysis, proportionality and nondiscrimination; and 3） regular examination and timely adjustment. China is currently facing a great pressure of conservation of marine fishery resources. The conservation and management of living marine resources in China has made some progress, but both the conservation measures and related rules still have some limitations. For example, the summer fishery ban is indeed good to protection of marine fishery resources. Nevertheless, immediately after the special period of the fishery ban, thousands of fishing vessels go back to work. To this end, the usefulness of the summer fishery ban is considered insufficient. A series of regulations of the conservation and management of living marine resources in China exist in different single laws; however, all of them haven’t yet prescribed the precautionary principle. Then, it is necessary to implement the Living Marine Resources Conservation and Management Act in the future to integrate all regulations about the conservation and management of living marine resources. As for the future act, the precautionary principle should be incorporated as a fundamental principle for the management of living marine resources. The act should also elaborate the concept of the precautionary principles. It was suggested that the first task be revision of the Fishery Law. It is necessary to incorporate the precautionary principle as the basic principles for the protection and m

关 键 词：预警原则 海洋渔业资源 可持续利用 养护和管理 

分 类 号：F326.4[经济管理—产业经济]