医护人员血源性病原体职业危害研究进展  

Research development of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens in healthcare workers

作　　者：石春兰[1] 张敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100053

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2010年第1期112-116,共5页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(编号:2006BAK05B02)

摘　　要：本研究的目的是了解医护人员血源性病原体职业接触流行特征、职业危害及其研究进展。结果表明,发生针刺及其他锐器损伤的最主要的职业群体是护理人员,最容易导致医护人员损伤的锐器为注射器针头、玻璃安瓿、缝合针和手术刀片等,导致医护人员锐器伤的最常见的医疗操作是注射、缝合和采血。发生血源性病原体职业接触后,医护人员可能感染HBV、HCV及HIV等多种血源性病原体。国内既往研究大多关注伤害发生率及相关危险因素,未对血源性病原体职业接触后感染HBV、HCV及HIV的风险开展研究,尚需通过建立队列,开展前瞻性调查研究。The purpose was to review on the development of epidemic characteristics and hazards of occupational ex- posure to bloodborne pathogens. Epidemiological studies indicated that nurses were the predominant occupational group injured by needles and other sharps, sharp-related injuries among healthcare workers were mainly caused by syringe needles, ampoule, suture needles and scalpels, and the most common operations led to sharp-related inju- ries were injection, suture and blood-collecting. Heahhcare workers were in the infection risk of HBV, HCV, HIV or other bloodborne pathogens with occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. By means of comparison, it showed that most of the researches in China focused on injury rate and its relevant factors, but few researches on the infection risk of HBV, HCV and HIV secondary to occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens were available. Cohort studies should be conducted in this field.

关 键 词：医护人员 血源性病原体 职业接触 流行特征 

分 类 号：X96[环境科学与工程—安全科学]