地表覆盖及生理生态因子对苹果树光合特性的影响  

Effects of Different Surface Mulch Models and Physiological Ecology Factors on Apple Photosynthesis

作　　者：张义[1] 谢永生[1] 郝明德[1] 李晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第1期125-130,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX-YW-09-07);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B10);中国科学院农业项目(kscx2-yw-N-46-04);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD15B01-03);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B10)

摘　　要：以9年生长枝富士苹果树为研究对象,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统监测不同地表覆盖模式下盛果期苹果树净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化,并对与净光合速率和蒸腾速率相关的环境因子及生理因子的相互关系进行分析。结果表明,清耕和生草处理的净光合速率(Pn)日变化为双峰型,地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和砂石覆盖的净光合速率(Pn)日变化进程为单峰型;蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化均为单峰型。净光合速率(Pn)与光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温(Ta)、叶温(Tl)均呈二次曲线关系;与大气相对湿度(RH)、气孔导度(Gs)呈显著正相关;与胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈显著负相关。蒸腾速率(Tr)与光合有效辐射(PAR)为幂指数关系;与大气相对湿度(RH)呈二次曲线关系;与气温(Ta)、叶温(Tl)、气孔导度(Gs)呈显著正相关;与胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著负相关。砂石覆盖和秸秆覆盖的净光合速率最大,不同覆盖模式下蒸腾速率日均值差异不显著,不同覆盖模式下苹果树的光合特性与各项环境因子和生理因子密切相关。Diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate （Pn） and transpiration rate （Tr） were measured using Li- 6400 portable photosynthesis system to study the characteristics of physiological ecology of the apple trees in full fruit period under different soil management models. The relationships of photosynthetic rate （Pn） and transpiration rate （Tr） with environmental factors and physiological factors were analyzed by correlation analysis. Results showed that the diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate （Pn） presented the double-peak curve for clean tillage treatment and growing grass treatment. The diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate （Pn） in film mulching, straw mulching, and gravel mulching presented the one-peak curve. The diurnal changes of the transpiration rate （Tr） presented the one-peak curve. The relationships of photosynthetic rate （Pn） with photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, air temperature （Ta）, and leaf temperature （Tl） were the quadratic curve. Photosynthetic rate （Pn） was significantly positively correlated with atmospheric relative humidity （RH） and stomatal conductance （Gs）, respectively, and was significantly negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）. The relationship of transpiration rate （Tr） with photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） was power exponent and with atmospheric relative humidity （RH）, was the quadratic curve. transpiration rate （Tr） was significantly positively correlated with air temperature （Ta）, leaf temperature （Tl）, and stomatal conductnce （Gs）, respectively, and was significantly negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）. Photosynthetic rates （Pn） for gravel mulching and straw mulching were the highest and there were little difference in the average diurnal change of transpiration rate （Tr） under different soil management models. The photosynthetic characteristics showed a significant correlation with environmental factors and physi

关 键 词：果树 地表覆盖 净光合速率 蒸腾速率 生理生态 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S314[农业科学—农艺学]