基于区域水盐平衡的阿瓦提灌区水土资源优化配置研究  

Optimal allocation of water-soil resources in Awati irrigation area according to regional water-salt balance

作　　者：钟瑞森[1] 杨鹏年[2] 董新光 杜卫东 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆水利厅,乌鲁木齐830000 [4]新疆阿瓦提县水管站,阿瓦提843200

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2010年第4期167-173,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD38B09);国家重点基础研究发展(973)计划项目(2007CB416604);国家高技术研究发展(863)计划项目(2002AA2Z4201)资助

摘　　要：为了探讨限额配水条件下阿瓦提灌区水土资源的可持续利用,根据灌区的现状和规划,设置了4个方案结合RS、GIS技术应用水盐平衡模型从区域的四个水平衡(地表水平衡、地下水平衡、供需水平衡、耗水平衡)和盐平衡等多个角度分析了各个子灌区的水土资源平衡,并提出优化配置建议。分析表明:保持现有耕地的情况下,必须在灌区内因地制宜合理开发利用地下水资源,与地表水统一调配才能满足该灌区新的水土资源平衡。而且,还需改善排水,最好是结合暗管或竖井排水,才能达到合理的灌排比,从而满足盐渍化严重农区的排盐要求。由此,从社会发展和环境保护的角度进一步提出,恢复弃耕地,逐年分阶段开发利用已开垦的未耕地,调整种植结构错开用水高峰,推广节水灌溉方式降低灌溉定额,地下水与地表水统一调配、统一管理、统一水价、实施"井灌井排"措施的干旱内陆区农业水土管理模式。In order to explore the sustainable utilization of water-soil resources in Awati irrigation area on condition of limited surface water diversion from Akesu river,we analyzed water-soil resources balance of sub-irrigation-area from multi-angles of regional four-water-balance（Surface water balance,Groundwater balance,Supply and demand water balance,Comsumption water balance） and salt-balance.And then,some suggestions of optimal allocation of water-soil resources were put forward.Four projects were set up according to present situation and long-term planning of Awati irrigation area.Integrating with RS and GIS,it forecasted the situation of water-salt balance using water-salt balance model.In case of keeping the current situation of farmland,it must exploit and utilize reasonably groundwater resources according to local conditions.And,only unified allocation of groundwater and surface water can satisfy the new water-soil resources balance in Awati irrigation area.In order to reach the reasonable ratio of irrigation and drainage to satisfy the requisition of desalination in the farming region of serious soil salinization,it must improve the system of drainage.It is drainage by subsurface pipe or shaft well that is the best measure.And then,considering the social development and the environmental protection,we carried out some suggestions of agricultural water-soil resources utilization.There are as follows：（1） the abandoned farmland must be restored.The uncultivated land which have been reclaimed can be exploited and utilized stage by stage and year by year.（2） It must be adjusted the regional planting structure and popularized easy-operated irrigation technology of water-saving.（3） It realizes that groundwater and surface water must be unified-allocation,unified-management,unified-water-price,and so on.And,it adopts the measure of well irrigation and drainage.

关 键 词：优化配置 水土资源 供需平衡 水盐平衡模型 阿瓦提灌区 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]