塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤盐结皮化学特征及其对土壤蒸发的影响  

Chemical characteristics and its effect on soil evaporation of soil salt crusts in the Tarim desert highway shelterbelts

作　　者：张建国[1,2,3] 孙树国[1,3] 徐新文[2] 雷加强[2] 王海峰[1,3] 李生宇[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2010年第4期174-179,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40901137,40701098);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(200733144-3);中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-1-3)共同资助

摘　　要：盐结皮是广泛分布于塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤表层的一个特殊层次,目前对其化学特征及其对土壤蒸发的影响尚无系统研究。文中对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地不同定植年限防护林土壤盐结皮有机质含量、全盐量、八大离子含量和pH值进行了分析,并进行了盐结皮抑制土壤蒸发试验,结果表明:土壤盐结皮有机质含量随着防护林定植年限的增加而增加;全盐量、各离子含量、pH值均随着防护林定植年限的增加而逐渐降低。其中,全盐量均远高于流沙地;各离子含量与流沙地相比有不同程度的增加,Cl-、Na+和SO24-增加量最为明显,Mg2+、K+、Ca2+和HCO-3次之,CO23-含量极微且基本没有变化,pH值均呈碱性,定植11年防护林盐结皮pH值甚至低于流沙地;盐结皮可以有效的抑制土壤水分的蒸发。Salt crust is a special layer on soil surface under irrigation with high saline groundwater in the Tarim desert highway shelterbelts.But until now the research work on its chemical characteristics and its effect on soil water evaporation has not systematically carried out.The experiments were carried out in May,2007 in shelterbelts of different ages irrigated with high saline groundwater in hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.Organic matter content,total salt content,ions content,and pH of salt crusts were analyzed,and the inhibitory effect on soil water evaporation of salt crusts was carried out.The results were as follow： 1） organic matter content of salt crusts in shelterbelts irrigated with high saline groundwater increases with shelterbelts ages,but increasing trend becomes lower gradually.2） total salt content,ions content,and pH reduce gradually with shelterbelts ages.Total salt content of salt crusts in shelterbelts of different ages is much higher than mobile sandy land.Ions content is higher than mobile sandy land,Cl-,Na＋,and SO2-4content increase most obvious,then Mg2＋,K＋,Ca2＋,and HCO3-,and CO2-3 content is little and nearly has no change.pH is all alkaline,pH of salt crusts in shelterbelts of 11 years is even lower than mobile sandy land.3） salt crusts can inhibit soil evaporation effectively,its inhibitory efficiencies to surface layer,0~ 5 cm layer,5~15cm layer,and 15~30cm layer reach 46.43%,40.95%,19.29%,and 15.80% in one irrigation cycle.

关 键 词：咸水滴灌 防护林 土壤盐结皮 化学特征 土壤蒸发 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]