浙江青山湖鸟类及其季节变化  

Seasonal variety of birds at Qingshan Lake,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：贾月[1] 陆秋燕[1] 鲁庆彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江林学院林业与生物技术学院,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《浙江林学院学报》2010年第2期278-286,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College

基　　金：浙江省教育厅资助项目(2451001068);浙江省杭州市林业水利局资助项目(2411001324);浙江林学院人才引进基金资助项目(2351000579)

摘　　要：在2006年9月至2007年8月间,对浙江省杭州青山湖的鸟类进行了调查研究。青山湖拥有优良的自然环境,共发现鸟类79种5469只,隶属12目30科,其中,国家二级保护物种5种,属古北界的有32种(占40.5%),东洋界33种(占41.8%),广布种14种(占17.7%)。从居留类型看,青山湖的迁徙鸟居多,达41种,留鸟略少,有38种,各占总数的51.9%和48.1%。水鸟有36种,林鸟43种,各占45.6%和54.4%,所以鸟类群落具有较高的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数。丰富度、多样性和均匀性指数最低的3月,优势度指数最高;而丰富度和多样性指数最高的5月,优势度指数最低,因此,青山湖鸟类多样性状况以3月份最差,5月份最好。青山湖全部鸟类物种平均密度为19.23只·km-2,冬季最高,达到26.20只·km-2,种数达到47种;夏季最低,仅有11.94只·km-2,种数为33种。而且,优势种有6种,占总鸟类物种的7.6%;常见种有15种,占19.0%;少见种有35种,占44.3%;罕见种有23种,占29.1%。青山湖鸟类中,有生存危险的物种百分比较高,需要加强保护与管理。An avian study was carried out at Qingshan Lake in Zhejiang Province from September 2006 to August 2007 and analyzed with richness, diversity, and evenness indexes （Ludwig and Reynolds）. Altogether, 5 469 individuals and 79 species were observed belonging to 12 orders and 30 families （33 oriental, 32 palaearctic, and 14 widespread species）, in which 5 species were second-class, protected wild an imals in China. Of all the birds, migrants （41 species, 51.9%） outnumbered residents （38 species, 48.1%）. Owing to excellent natural conditions, the avian community had high richness, diversity, and evenness in- dexes with 36 species of water birds （45.6%） and 43 species of forest birds （54.4%）. March had the lowest richness and diversity indexes （2.417 and 1.350） with the highest dominant index （0.463） whereas May was the opposite. March also exhibited the lowest evenness index （0.477） with July having the highest（0.845）. The average density of all birds at Qingshan Lake was 19.23 individuals·km^-2 with the greatest density （26.20 individuals.km-2, 47 species） in winter and the lowest density（ 11.94 individuals·km^-2, 33 species） in summer. Results showed six dominant species （7.6%）; 15 frequent species （19.0%）; 35 seldom found species （44.3%）, and 23 rare species （29.1%）. Thus, avian diversity was lowest in March and highest in May. Also, due to the high percentage of species in danger of survival, avian conservation and management should be strengthened at Qingshan Lake. [Ch, 4 fig. 3 tab. 22 ref. ]

关 键 词：动物学 物种多样性 密度 变动规律 青山湖 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学] S718.6[农业科学—林学]