奶牛放牧对北方农牧交错带人工草地植被的影响  

Influence of grazing dairy cows on community characteristics of an alfalfa-grass pasture in agro-pastoral transitional zone of northern China

作　　者：石永红[1] 邵新庆[2] 王运琦[1] 韩建国[2] 刘建宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,山西太原030032 [2]中国农业大学草地研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2010年第1期56-60,共5页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD56B02;2004BA528B01);山西省农业科学院博士基金(YBSJJ0704)资助

摘　　要：研究了不同处理奶牛放牧对混播人工草地植被的影响。结果表明，牧草现存量随着放牧强度的增加而降低，轻牧比中牧高7．28％，且轮牧高于连续放牧1．99％，轮牧对紫花苜蓿和无芒雀麦的再生有利。随放牧强度增加，紫花苜蓿和无芒雀麦重要值下降，蓝茎冰草和新麦草增加。放牧对牧草的茎叶比有显著影响，放牧后4种牧草的茎叶比均有下降，连续放牧高于轮牧。根系主要集中在土壤表层0～10cm，约占0～30cm总量的70％，且其生物量也以轮牧制较高，随放牧强度的增加而下降。Influence of grazing dairy cows on community characteristics of a mixed pasture of alfalfa（AL）, smooth bromegrass（SB）,western wheatgrass（WW）and Russian wild ryegrass（RW）were studied. The results showed that herbage mass declined with increased grazing intensity, the mean herbage mass of light rational grazing（LRG） was 7.28~ higher than that of moderate rational gazing（MRG）, and MRG was 1.99~ higher than moderate continuous grazing（MCG）. The proportion of AL and SB was consistently higher under LRG than under MRG and MCG treatments,while the percent of WW and RW was highest for the MCG treatment. RW and WW persisted better than SB with increased grazing intensity. The important values of AL and SB were declined as grazing intensity increased, while WW and RW occurred in reverse. The leaf/stem ratio of all compo- nent species increased and increments were greater for SB and RW. Root biomass declined with increased grazing intensity,and most of it was located in the upper 10cm soil profile,accounting for about 70% of the total （0-30 cm） estimated root biomass.

关 键 词：混播草地 奶牛 放牧 群落特征 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]