胎儿形体发育变化趋势的初步分析  

A preliminary analysis on change trend of fetal physical development

作　　者：李艺扬[1] 付艳[1] 孙健[2] 田丽娜[1] 丁言良[2] 邓琳红 邓伟国[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第一医院妇产科,130021 [2]吉林大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健教研室 [3]临江市人民医院

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2010年第7期914-917,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金〔30271369〕

摘　　要：目的:研究胎儿发育不同孕期的形体特征的变化规律,为临床评估胎儿发育状况和指导孕妇科学膳食提供理论依据。方法:对147例孕12～36周胎儿的体长、坐高、肢体长度、头颅径线和体重进行了测量和统计。结果:胎儿的体长和坐高在3个月胎龄时分别为10.5 cm和7.7 cm;到7月胎龄时身长达36.3 cm,坐高达26.1 cm,为一生中生长最快的时期。从8月胎龄开始,胎儿的身长和坐高增幅下降。孕期全程,胎儿身长对胎龄的直线回归方程式为Y=-2.75+5.31χ,R值为0.82,P<0.01;坐高的直线回归方程式为Y=-1.39+3.50χ,R值为0.77,P<0.01。上、下肢长度在3月胎龄时分别为3.1 cm,3.2cm。从4月胎龄始,下肢和足的生长速度加快,到9月胎龄时下肢长于上肢3.3 cm、足长于手1.4 cm;胎儿的上肢、下肢、手和足的发育随胎龄呈直线型增长。3月胎龄胎儿的BPD和枕额径分别为19.6 mm和26 mm;以后胎儿BPD和枕额径增长迅速,孕6月时达到57.9 mm和72.3 mm。BPD增加了38.3 mm,枕额径增加了46.3 mm。6月胎龄后,BPD和枕额径增速放缓,9月胎龄时,BPD和枕额径分别仅增加了21.5 mm和25.1 mm。胎儿的BPD也与胎龄呈正相关关系。体重增加的快速期始于胎龄6个月,在3个孕月的时间内,胎儿体重增加了2倍,增长值达1 400 g之多。除3个月胎龄外,各月份的胎儿体重均高于15年前的胎儿。结论:目前胎儿形体生长发育长度指标与15年前没有明显差别。胎儿体重在妊娠6个月后生长明显加快;并高于15年前的胎儿,提示现今孕妇营养状况优于15年前。Objective：To research the changing regularity of physical characteristics during the different fetal periods,and provide theoretical basis for evaluation of fetal development status and directing scientific diets for pregnant women.Methods：The body length,sitting height,length of limbs,skull diameters and body weight of 147 fetuses of 12~36 gestational weeks were measured.Results：The body length and sitting height of fetuses were 10.5 cm and 7.7 cm on the third gestational month,36.3 cm and 26.1 cm on the seventh gestational month,respectively,and it was the fastest growth phase in the life.From the eighth gestational month,the increase amplitudes of body length and sitting height decreased.During the whole course of pregnancy,the linear regression equation of fetal body length to gestational age was Y=-2.75＋5.31χ,R was 0.82,P0.01;and the linear regression equation of sitting height to gestational age was Y=-1.39＋3.50χ,R was 0.77,P0.01.The lengths of upper and lower limbs on the third gestational month were 3.1 cm and 3.2 cm,respectively,from the fourth gestational month,the grow rates of lower limbs and feet became faster,till the ninth gestational month,the length of lower limbs was longer than that of upper limbs by 3.3 cm and the length of feet was longer than that of hands by 1.4 cm;the development of fetal upper limbs,lower limbs,hands and feet increased linearly.The fetal biparietal diameter（BPD） and occipitofrontal diameter（OFD） on the third gestational month were 19.6 mm and 26 mm,respectively,then they increased quickly,on the sixth gestational month,the BPD and OFD were 57.9 mm and 72.3 mm,increased by 38.3 mm and 46.3 mm,respectively.From the sixth gestational month,the increase amplitudes of BPD and OFD decreased,till the ninth gestational month,the increase amplitudes of BPD and OFD were 21.5 mm and 25.1 mm,respectively.There was a positive correlation between BPD and gestational age.The amplification of body weight was quickly during the first 6 gestational months,body weight in

关 键 词：胎儿 体长 坐高 体重 

分 类 号：R714.5[医药卫生—妇产科学]