秸秆还田下氮肥用量对稻田养分淋洗的影响  

Effect of incorporated straw-nitrogen fertilizer on nutrient leaching in paddy soils

作　　者：汪军[1,2] 王德建[1] 张刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2010年第2期316-321,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KSCX2-YW-N-038和KSCX-YW-440);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAJ10B06)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验, 研究秸秆还田配施氮肥对稻田土壤养分淋洗的影响。结果表明, 随氮肥用量增加, 田间渗漏水中NH4^＋N、NO3^--N、全氮浓度随之增加; 与秸秆未还田相比, 秸秆还田降低了田面水与渗漏水中NH4^＋-N、NO3^--N的浓度; 秸秆还田下各处理30 cm土层渗漏水中全氮和NO3--N浓度最高, 其浓度范围分别为1.09～12.76 mg·L^-1和0.76～3.74 mg·L^-1; 全磷浓度范围为0.02～0.79 mg·L^-1, 田面水中全磷浓度随施氮量增加而增加, 30 cm渗漏水中全磷浓度大于60 cm 渗漏水。氮肥用量〉180 kg·hm^-2时, 施肥后5～10 d内30 cm、60 cm渗漏水中的养分以NH4^＋-N为主, 其后均以NO3^--N为主。氮肥与秸秆配合施用, 可降低田面水和渗漏水中的氮磷浓度, 改善肥料利用效率。In a field experiment in Changshu Municipality of Jiangsu Province, the effect of incorporated straw-nitrogen fertilization on nutrient leaching in paddy soils was determined. The study shows that NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N and total N concentrations in leachate increase with increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with no-straw treatment, straw treatment presents lower NH4^＋-N and NO3^--N concentrations in surface water and leachate. Total N and NO3^--N concentration in leachate collected from 30 cm soil depth is the highest in straw treatment, with the ranges of 1.09～12.76 mg·L^-1 and 0.76～3.74 mg·L^-1, respectively. Total P concentration in the leachate is in the range of 0.02～0.79 mg·L^-1 with higher concentration in leachate of 30 cm soil depth than of 60 cm soil depth. It is enhanced with increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer. When nitrogen fertilizer application excesses 180 kg·hm^-2, NH4^＋-N is the main form in leachate collected in 5～10 days after fertilization in the 30 cm and 60 cm soil depth. For all other times, NO3^--N nutri-ent is the dominant form in leachate. Combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and wheat straw reduces nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in surface water and leachate, and improves fertilizer efficiency.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 氮肥 稻田土壤 养分淋洗 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学] X592[农业科学—农业基础科学]