我国农业用水结构演变态势分析  

Development tendency of agricultural water structure in China

作　　者：王玉宝[1,2] 吴普特[1,2,3] 赵西宁[1,2,3] 李甲林[4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [4]甘肃省水利厅,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2010年第2期399-404,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50809055);国家科技基础性工作专项(2006FY210300);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2006AA100217);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD88B10);西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干项目资助

摘　　要：农业用水结构对农业用水效率及效益有较大影响。采用1949～2006年农业用水资料分析了我国农业用水结构的演变历程, 并根据农业用水结构的发展变化及灌溉农业的发展历史和未来发展方向, 将1949～2050年我国农业用水水平分为初级利用、低效利用、合理利用及高效利用4个阶段。研究表明： 我国农业用水结构日趋合理, 农业用水比重持续减少, 农、林、牧、渔用水及粮、经、饲作物用水比例协调程度不断提高。据此, 提出了注重农业用水结构优化的农业经济用水量概念。华北地区的实例分析表明, 在同时提高农业用水综合效益的情形下, 依靠优化农业用水结构可年节水199.94亿 m^3; 而有无用水结构优化的综合节水措施节水效果相差29.97亿 m^3。Agricultural water structure （AWS） influences the efficiency and potential benefits of water use. The evolution history of AWS in China was analyzed in this study using agricultural water consumption data in China for 1949～2006. Agricultural water use level for 1949～2050 was divided into four periods of primary use, low efficiency use, reasonable use and high efficiency use in accordance with the evolution history and tendency of future AWS. The analysis shows that AWS in China is improving as the proportion of agricultural water consumption to total water use is steadily decreasing. The level of water use is increasingly harmonized among agriculture, forestry, herding and fishing as well as water consumption by grain crops, cash crops and grazing grass. The concept of economic agricultural water consumption is advanced, emphasizing water-saving via optimized AWS. A case study of North China illustrates that AWS optimization increases water use benefits and saves 199.94×10^8 m^3 water per year. Integrative water-saving measures along with optimized AWS saves an additional 29.97×10^8 m^3 water per year over water-saving measures alone.

关 键 词：农业用水结构 农业用水效率 农业用水水平 农业结构型节水 农业经济用水量 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]