黄土区野外模拟降雨条件下坡面径流—产沙试验研究  

Study on Rainfall Runoff-Sediment Yield Under Modeling Rain Condition in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：贾莲莲[1] 李占斌[1,2] 李鹏[1] 于国强[1] 陈磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点试验室,西安710048 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2010年第1期1-5,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771124);教育部博士学科点专项科研基金(20060700004)

摘　　要：降雨及径流所引起的水力侵蚀产沙问题,是当今世界上最大的环境问题之一。通过野外模拟降雨试验,研究不同雨强下不同下垫面降雨侵蚀产流、产沙、入渗等的相关规律。研究结果表明:雨强90mm/h时,原生地径流量最大,达到28.4L/min,林草地径流量最小,在4.1～7.6L/min之间波动,雨强120mm/h时规律保持一致,原生地达到36.05L/min,林草地为6.85～10.88L/min;产沙量规律为荒地最大,林草地最小,荒地在两种雨强下产沙量分别为45.77～252.94g和52.76～162.48g,林草地分别为2.82～6.99g和7.33～40.24g;入渗规律为林草地最大,原生地最小,其中小雨强时林草地入渗率为1.18mm/min左右,原生地为0.09mm/min左右,大雨强时林草地为1.42mm/min左右,原生地为0.12mm/min左右。这些规律之间均有很好的相关性,产沙量与径流量大时其入渗率就小。说明地表有植被覆盖时可以增大入渗率,减小径流,产沙量。雨强不同时其规律保持一致。该研究对于深入理解流域产流产沙过程具有十分重要意义,可为相关的模型研究提供可靠的试验支持,也可为今后水土保持与生态建设提供重要科学依据。The issue of erosion and sediment yield caused by rainfall and water runoff is the world＇s largest environmental problems.Research on processes of rainfall,runoff and sediment yield can serve as development of process-based mode of soil erosion,soil and water conservation,and ecology construction on loess region.The rule of erosion sediment and runoff infiltration and dependency relation were studied under different surface using field simulated rainfall trails.The results show that：the greatest runoff is the original habitat,is 28.4 L/min,forest grass land is the minimum,fluctuated with 4.1-7.6 L/min when the rainfall intensity is 90 mm/h,when the rainfall intensity is 120 mm/h,the original habitat 36.05 L/min and the forest grass land is fluctuated with 6.85～10.88 L/min.The barren land is the greatest and the forest grass land is the smallest with sediment yield,the barren land fluctuated with 45.77-252.94 g and 52.76-162.48 g under the two different rainfall intensity,the forest grass land fluctuated with 2.82-6.99 g and 7.33-40.24 g.The forest grass land is the greatest and the original habitat is the smallest with the infiltration rate,the forest grass land is 1.18 mm/min and the barren land is 0.09 mm/min when the rainfall intensity is lower and the forest grass land is 1.42 mm/min,the barren land is 0.12 mm/min when the rainfall is higher.When sediment yield and runoff large that the infiltration rate is small,they have perfectly correlativity,which show that the regulation mechanism with vegetation cover have the water and soil conversation function,they can increase the infiltration rate and reduced the runoff and sediment yield.The research are significantly understanding the process of watershed runoff and sediment yield and can provide reliable experimental support for related model research and to provide important scientific evidence and ecological construction for the soil and water conservation in the future.

关 键 词：模拟降雨 侵蚀产沙 入渗 径流 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]