昆仑山中段初冬鸟类调查及其多样性分析  

Survey on Bird Species and Analysis on Bird Diversity in the Central Kunlun Mountains in the Early Winter

作　　者：马鸣[1] 胡宝文[1] 梅宇[1] Thomas McCarthy 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]国际雪豹基金会

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2010年第2期230-235,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目"中国重要生物物种资源监测和保育关键技术与应用示范项目"(2008BAC39B04);国家自然科学基金项目(30470262;30970340);国际雪豹基金会(SLT);新疆自然保育(XCF)联合资助

摘　　要：2008年10月14日至11月21日，考察了新疆和田地区的民丰、于田、策勒、和田、皮山5县的11条昆仑山河谷，包括安迪尔河（上游）、克里雅河、阿克赛河、布藏河、策勒河、玉龙喀什河、喀拉喀什河、杜瓦河、桑株河、康阿孜河等，徒步攀登最高至海拔5300m以上。跨度从77°40’～84°00’E，35°55’～37°30’N范围。东西长600km，南北宽约100km，覆盖面积6．0×10^4km^2以上。采用样线法和点计数法，对昆仑山区不同县域鸟的种类和数量进行多样性分析和比较。共记录到110种鸟类，隶属于14目、33科、74属，合计14161只，其中斑姬鸫（Ficedula hypoleuca）为中国鸟类新记录种。区系组成以古北型和广布种为主，缺少东洋型的成分。属于青藏高原特有物种只有雪雀（Montifringilla sp．）、雪鸡（Tetraogallus sp．）和地山雀（褐背拟地鸦）（Pseudopodoces humilis）等。物种多样性指数和均匀度分析表明，策勒（〉4．0）和皮山（〉3．9）的指数均较高。策勒与和田的相似性系数较大（〉0．60）。The investigation on birds in the central Kunlun Mountains, including 11 valleys in 5 counties of Hotan Prefecture in south Xinjiang, such as Niya （ Minfeng）, Keriya （ Yutian）, Qira （ Cele）, Hotan （Hetian） and Guma （Pishan）, and the upper reaches of Andir River, Keriya River, Aksay River, Buzang River, Qira River, Yurungkax River, Karakax River, Duwa River, Sangzhu River, Kang-Azi River, etc. , was carried out in early winter from October 14 to November 21,2008. The survey team climbed to the place over 5 300 m a. s. 1. , the surveyed zone （35°55＇ -37°30＇N, 77°40＇ -84°00＇E） was 600 km in length from east to west and 100 km in width from south to north, and the surveyed area was larger than 60 000 km^2. The total length of the expedition was longer than 5 800 km. About 110 species of birds inhabiting in the study area were recorded in the season. They belong to 74 genera in 33 families and 14 orders, and 14 161 birds were counted （Tab. 1）. Analysis shows that the main type of Avifauna is the Palaearctic realm, and there are also some Cosmopolitan species, but few of them are from the type of the Oriental realm in the season. Some special species, such as Montifringilla sp. , Tetraogallus sp. and Pseudopodoces humilis, belong to the type of the Tibetan Plateau. A new record of bird from China is Ficedula hypoleuca. The analyzed results show that the diversity index is higher than 4.00 in Qira and 3.95 in Pishan （Tab. 2）. The index of similarity between Qira and Hotan is higher than 0.60 （Tab. 3）.

关 键 词：鸟类 种群数量 多样性 昆仑山 和田地区 新疆 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]