呼吸机相关性肺炎的预防及护理  

Prevention and nursing care of ventilator-associated pneumonia

作　　者：李莲[1] 吴军勇[1] 乔有萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东医学院附属医院,广东湛江524001

出　　处：《齐鲁护理杂志》2010年第3期21-22,共2页Journal of Qilu Nursing

摘　　要：目的:通过对呼吸机相关性肺炎的常见原因调查分析,探讨相应的护理对策。方法:回顾性分析我科重症监护室92例呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)患者的观察临床特点、病原菌感染情况及采取相应的护理对策。结果:基础疾病多、机械通气时间长和不用人工鼻湿化的患者VAP发生率显著增高;各类病原菌混合感染者81例(88%),单一感染者仅11例(12%),其中铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和假丝酵母菌占前3位。结论:在VAP患者的治疗中,除了应用临床有效的抗生素外,做好重症监护室的环境监护,严格遵守消毒隔离制度,认真执行无菌操作规程,加强气道管理及口腔护理,控制感染和增强机体抵抗力是防治VAP的重要手段。Objective： To analyze the common causes of ventilator - associated pneumonia （ VAP） and find the correspond- ing nursing methods. Methods： The clinical features and pathogen infection of 92 patients with VAP in ICU and the adopted appropriate nursing measures were retrospectively analyzed. Results ： The incidence of VAP was significantly higher in the patients with a few underlying diseases, long time mechanical ventilation and without humidification of artificial nose. The mixed infection with kinds of pathogens occurred in 81 patients （ 88% ） and single infection in 11 patients 112% ）, of which Pseudomonas aerugiriosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida ranked the first three. ConclusionIn the treatment of patients with VAP, envi- ronmental monitoring of ICU, strictly abiding by the rules of disinfection and isolation, seriously implement aseptic operating procedures, strengthening airway management and oral care are very important in controlling infections and enhancing the body resistance in addition to the clinical application of effective antibiotics.

关 键 词：呼吸机相关性肺炎 预防 护理对策 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]