北方春季塑料大棚小气候月变化分析  

Monthly Change Analysis on Microclimate in Plastic Greenhouse in North China in Spring

作　　者：于盛楠 吴志强 闫立奇 肖峰 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省佳木斯气象局,黑龙江佳木斯154004

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第7期3559-3560,3574,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省气象局2008年科研项目(气减函〔2008〕38号)

摘　　要：[目的]了解北方地区整个春季温室大棚内的小气候特征。[方法]选择佳木斯城郊的一农户家为观测地点,于2009年3月10日-5月30日观测棚内气温、湿度和光照强度,进而研究北方春季塑料大棚小气候的月变化。[结果]3-5月,与棚外最低气温相比,在夜间覆盖塑料大棚的棚内最低气温升高了7℃多。3-5月,大棚内的湿度明显高于外界,其中,3月,从17：00开始至次日6：00,棚内相对湿度基本都维持在100%;4-5月,棚内湿度虽然有所降低,但仍远高于外界。3-5月塑料大棚的平均光强透过率达50%以上,棚内光强高于喜温蔬菜的光补偿点和喜凉蔬菜的光饱和点的时间为6-8 h。[结论]该研究为北方农民合理安排春季塑料大棚农事活动提供了可靠依据。[Objective] The purpose was to learn about the microclimate characteristics in plastic greenhouse in north China in the whole spring.[Method] A farm household in the suburb of Kiamusze Municipality was selected as observation location.The air temperature,humidity and light intensity in greenhouse were being observed and measured from Mar.10th to May 30th in 2009.And then the monthly change of microclimate in plastic greenhouse in north China in spring was studied.[Result] The warming effect of plastic greenhouse in north China in spring was significant.In March,compared with the lowest air temperature outside greenhouse,the lowest air temperature in greenhouse was increased for more than 7 ℃ when it was covered in night.In the period from March to May,the humidity in greenhouse was obviously higher than that outside greenhouse.In March,from 17：00 to next 6：00,the relative humidity in greenhouse was maintained at 100% basically.Although the humidity in greenhouse got some deceased in April and May,it was still much higher than that outside greenhouse.From March to May,the average light transmission rate of plastic greenhouse was above 50% and the time when the light intensity in greenhouse was higher than light compensation point of warm season vegetable and light saturation point of cool season vegetable was 6-8 h.[Conclusion] This study supplied reliable basis for northern-Chinese farmers to sensibly arrange their farming activities in plastic greenhouse in spring.

关 键 词：大棚 春季 小气候 分析 

分 类 号：S162.41[农业科学—农业气象学]