微生物浸出低品位矿石技术现状与发展趋势  

Current Status and Present Situation and Developing Trend of Low-Grade Ore Bioleaching Technology

作　　者：尹升华[1] 吴爱祥[1] 王洪江[1] 韩斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2010年第1期46-49,共4页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50934002;50774011);博士点基金项目(20070008038);新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NECT-07-0070)

摘　　要：微生物浸出技术是处理低品位矿石的有效措施。阐述了目前我国有色金属矿产资源的紧缺局面,分析了我国现有低品位矿产资源现状,认为开展微生物浸出技术是提高我国矿产资源开发利用率、缓解我国资源短缺的重要途径。回顾了微生物浸出技术的发展历程,并叙述了该技术在国内外铜、金、钴等有色矿山的工业化应用情况,分析了生物浸出技术目前存在的主要问题,从浸矿微生物的选育和基础生物学、矿石-溶液-微生物作用机理、矿岩散体渗流特性及传质规律、微生物堆浸工艺学等角度总结了微生物浸出理论研究与发展趋势。Bioleaching technology is effective to treat low-grade ore.The shortage of mineral resources of non-ferrous metals and the actual situation of mineral resources with low grade in China are investigated.It is suggested that bioleaching technology could be an important approach to enhance the recovery of mineral resource and to alleviate the resource shortage in China.The development of bioleaching technology is reviewed,and its industrial application in copper,gold and cobalt mine at home and abroad is summarized.The main problems faced by bioleaching have been analyzed.The seed selection of microbes for bioleaching and its biology,the interaction mechanism of ore-solution-bacterial,seepage character of granular ore and solute transport in granular ore pile,and heap bioleaching technology have been regarded as the directions of theoretical research and development for ore bioleaching.

关 键 词：微生物浸出 低品位矿石 矿石堆浸 废石堆浸 地下浸出 

分 类 号：TD853.37[矿业工程—金属矿开采]