“玉米带”改种多年生草类后对农田排水的水文效应模拟  

Simulation of hydrological effects on subsurface drainage of substituting perennial grass for corn/soybean rotation in Corn-belt of USA

作　　者：罗纨[1] Gary R.Sands 景卫华[1] 贾忠华[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水资源研究所,西安710048 [2]美国明尼苏达州立大学生物与农业工程系,saintpaulmn55108 [3]西安理工大学环境科学研究所,西安710048

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2010年第2期89-94,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50939004);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(09JK637)

摘　　要：该文针对美国密西西比河上游明尼苏达州农田排水氮素流失严重,近年来又大力发展生物燃料产业的现状,采用田间水文模型——DRAINMOD模拟分析了玉米-大豆轮作区改种多年生草类后对农田排水的水文效应。结果表明改种多年生草后,植物耗水量的增加使得农田排水量明显减少;较深的草根系,尤其是在干旱年份消耗了大量的深层土壤水,降低了地下水位。种草后的生物排水量远远大于其他工程措施(如增加排水间距或潜埋排水管等),可显著减少农田排水氮素流失对水环境的影响。In the northern corn-belt of USA where agricultural drainage has been linked to excessive nitrogen loading to the Mississippi River,growing more perennial grasses has been proposed for bio-fuel production.This paper presents a simulation study on the hydrological effects on subsurface drainage of substituting perennial grasses for corn/soybean rotation in southern Minnesota.Long-term simulation with DRAINMOD based on 90 year weather records showed that higher consumptive uses of water by grasses may significantly reduce subsurface drainage discharge,especially in the years following prolonged dry period.The bio-drainage effect of grasses on drainage reduction is much more significant than engineering measures such as reducing drainage intensity by reducing drain depth or increasing drain spacing. Growing deep rooted perennial grasses may significantly reduce negative impact of subsurface drainage discharge on aquatic environment of the study area.

关 键 词：排水 水文 模型 DRAINMOD 多年生草 生物排水 

分 类 号：S276.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] X322[农业科学—农业工程]