氰化物溶液的γ辐射降解  

Gamma irradiation induced degradation of cyanide in aqueous solution

作　　者：何仕均[1] 王建龙[1] 顾国兴[1] 苏维贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第3期415-417,共3页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50678089)

摘　　要：为了考察电离辐射对氰化物溶液降解的影响，利用^60Co γ射线源研究了氰化物的辐射降解过程和主要辐解产物。结果表明，在质量浓度为77～247mg／L范围内氰化物的γ辐解符合准一级反应。随着初始质量浓度的增加，氰化物完全降解所需的剂量显著上升。氰化物的主要辐解产物为氨氮（NH4^＋-N）和氰酸盐（CNO^-）。水体中的CO3^2-等无机离子是自由基消除荆，对氯化物的降解有较大的影响。This study investigates the effects and by-products of γ-radiolysis of cyanide in aqueous solution. The decomposition rate of the cyanide by γ-irradiation was observed as a pseudo-first-order kinetic process over the applied initial concentrations from 77 mg/L to 247 mg/L. Cyanide was removed more effectively at lower initial mass concentrations than at higher initial mass concentrations. In more concentrated solutions, the doses required for decomposition were dramatically higher. Ammonia and cyanate were identified as the main nitrogen byproduct of γ-radiolysis of cyanide. In addition, radical scavengers in natural waters, such as bicarbonate and carbonate, negatively affect the cyanide removal.

关 键 词：氰化物 γ辐射降解 氨氮 氰酸盐 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]