中国就业结构失衡:现状、原因与调整政策  

China’s Employment Structural Imbalance: Facts, Causes and Policy Adjustments

作　　者：李文星[1] 袁志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《当代财经》2010年第3期10-17,共8页Contemporary Finance and Economics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"统筹城乡就业研究"(07JZD0023)

摘　　要：中国的城市化率低,农村就业人口占总就业人口的比例高。就业人口主要集中在东南沿海等经济发达地区。第一产业就业人数比重超过40%,而第三产业就业人数的比重不到33%。缓解中国就业压力的主要途径包括进一步深化户籍制度和土地制度改革,将经济增长模式由以外需为主调整为以内需为主,通过城市化协调区域和城乡发展,实现就业机会在地区和城乡之间的平衡,进一步放松管制和打破行业垄断,促进民营经济和中小企业的发展。In China the urbanization ratio is low while the ratio of employed labors in agriculture to the total employed labors is high. Most of the employed distribute in the economically developed areas in southeastern coastal provinces. The share of the employed in the primary industry to that of all three industries is more than 40%, while the ratio for the tertiary industry is less than 33%. This paper puts forward some main policy suggestions to relieve the employment pressure as following： to further deepen the reform of the household registration system and the land system; to adjust the economic growth pattern from relying on the export-oriented to domestic consumption; ＇ to coordinate the development and realize employment balance between different regions and between urban and rural areas through urbanization; to further loosen control and remove industrial barriers, so as to promote the development of the private sector and the small and medium-sized enterprises.

关 键 词：产业结构 就业结构 城市化 户籍制度 

分 类 号：F241.24[经济管理—劳动经济]