微型水面蒸发器原理与实验设计  

Principle and experimental design of micro water surface evaporator

作　　者：陈宝群[1] 李晓宁 李艳花[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710061 [2]国家统计局西安调查队,西安710003 [3]西安财经学院管理学院,西安710063

出　　处：《气象水文海洋仪器》2010年第1期1-5,9,共6页Meteorological,Hydrological and Marine Instruments

基　　金：国家自然科学基金40672108项目资助

摘　　要：由水面蒸发原理出发,认为把握水面蒸发的能量消耗过程实质是水面蒸发器优化设计的理论基础,分析表明,与自然水体能量过程接近程度的不同,决定不同蒸发器性能特点。微型水面蒸发器应该尽可能模拟自然水体,E601型水面蒸发器可以作为微型水面蒸发器优化设计的重要依据,据此确定了水面蒸发器设计的技术要点,以真空保温杯为实例模型进行了微型水面蒸发器的水文设计、深度设计、精度设计、测量设计和环境设计。计算结果表明,ME-1微型水面蒸发器设计精度超过现有小型蒸发器精度的5～10倍,体积缩小为E601型水面蒸发器的2%,实验证实了水面蒸发器设计深度应该达到60cm,加装安全气囊的微型水面蒸发器适用于全球环境,土地灌溉理论上可以使得ME-1微型水面蒸发器蒸发环境相当于自然水体。结论认为,真空绝热技术是微型水面蒸发器优化设计的核心内容,称重测量法是水面蒸发器测量精度的可靠保障,蒸发与降水过程的隔离以及粉尘通量的扣除是进一步提高微型水面蒸发器测量精度的重要途径。This paper analyzes water surface evaporation principle and grasps essence of energy consumption in optimization design of water surface evaporator. It indicates that close degree with natural water decides different evaporator performance character, further analysis indicates E601 water surface evaporator can be taken as design basis of micro evaporator, and determines the technical point of water surface evaporator design. Taking the example of vacuum insulated cup, the design of hydrology, depth, accuracy, measurement and environment for the water surface evaporator are carried out. The computed result indicates that ME-1 micro evaporator may increase the existing evaporator precision 5 to l0 times,volume of ME-1 water surface evaporator can be reduced to no more than 2% of E601 water surface evaporator. The experiment proves that the depth of water surface evaporator should reach 60 cm, the micro water surface evaporator installed air bag is suitable for globalenvironment,and the evaporate environment of ME-1 micro water surface evaporator is almost close to natural water based on irrigation theory. The conclusion believes that vacuum insulation technology is the central content of water surface evaporator design. Weighting method is the reliable way to increase measuring accuracy of water surface evaporator, and the isolation of evaporation and preci.pitation process can increase precision of water surface evaporator.

关 键 词：水面蒸发 真空绝热系统 称重法 降水隔离系统 

分 类 号：TH765[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]