淮北地区小麦超高产栽培适宜追氮时期研究  

Study on Time of Nitrogen Top dressing on Super High-yielding Wheat Cultivation in Huaibei Region

作　　者：杜世州[1,2] 曹承富[1,2] 张耀兰[1,2] 赵竹[1,2] 乔玉强[1,2] 刘永华[3] 张四华[3] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农作物品质改良重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [3]蒙城县农业技术推广中心,安徽蒙城233500

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2010年第2期337-341,352,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A06-19)

摘　　要：为给淮北地区小麦超高产优质种植中合理施氮提供依据,以强筋小麦烟农19和中筋小麦皖麦50为材料,研究了超高产栽培条件下追氮时期对小麦产量、品质的影响。结果表明,在施纯氮307.5~322.5 kg.hm-2（其中有机氮37.5~52.5 kg.hm-2,化肥氮270 kg.hm-2）、基追比例为5∶5的条件下,烟农19和皖麦50的籽粒产量均以拔节期追施最高,产量分别达到9 497.10和9 857.55 kg.hm-2,以始花期追氮产量最低。粗蛋白、湿面筋含量、Z-沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间等主要品质指标均随追氮时期推迟而提高,强筋品种烟农19在拔节期以后追氮的品质均能达到优质小麦标准（粗蛋白含量≥14%）。各氮肥利用参数基本以拔节期~孕穗期处理较高,追氮时期前移和后移均使各参数降低,拔节期~孕穗期处理与其他处理差异显著。综合两个年度的结果,淮北地区小麦实现高产、优质栽培的追氮时期以拔节期~孕穗期为佳,传统的氮素＂一炮轰＂运筹方式难以达到9 000 kg.hm-2的超高产水平。From 2006 to 2008,Yannong 19（strong gluten wheat）and Wanmai 50（middle gluten wheat） were used to study the effects of different period of nitrogen topdressing on super-high-yield wheat in Huaibei cultivation conditions.The results showed that under nitrogen appliation of 307.5～322.5 kg·hm-2（organic nitrogen 37.5～52.5 kg·hm-2 and nitrogen fertilizer 270 kg·hm-2） with topdressing ratio of 5∶5,the maximum yield of 9 497.10 kg·hm-2（Yannong 19） and 9 857.55 kg·hm-2（Wanmai 50） could be obtained by topdressing at jointing stage,the lowest yield obtained by topdressing at pre-flowering.Crude protein,wet gluten content,Z-sedimentation value,formation time and stable time were improved with the delay of topdressing.Yannong 19 was able to reach quality standards（crude protein ≥ 14%） while topdressing after jointing.Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency were higher while topdressing at jointing stage ~ booting stage than top-dressing earlier and later than this stage.Significant difference was observed in jointing ~ booting stage treatment and other treatments.To achieve high yield of wheat high-quality in Huaibei region,the jointing ~ booting stage is the best for topdressing.The traditional nitrogen ＂one-off＂ method of fertilization is difficult to achieve yield level of 9 000 kg·hm-2.

关 键 词：小麦 淮北地区 追氮时期 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311