公民资格理论与战后英国社会政策转变  

Citizenship Concept and Transformation of Social Policies of England after the Second World War

作　　者：丰华琴[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史系 [2]南京晓庄学院人文学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2010年第4期69-76,共8页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目(项目编号:09SJD770004);南京晓庄学院科研基金项目(项目编号:2009NXY04)成果之一

摘　　要：1950年代英国社会学家T.H.马歇尔提出的公民资格理论,成为二战后英国建立普遍主义福利制度的重要依据。公民社会权利是公民资格理论的核心,它对战后英国社会政策的演变产生了重大影响。1970年代末英国保守党倡导的"消费者主义",以"消费者取向"为原则,以避免个人对国家的依赖、回归个人自助和非正式的照顾为目的,从而否定了公民享有普遍福利的权利;新工党实行了新的公民权利体制,权利和义务的平衡是新工党价值观念的核心,也是贯穿福利国家改革的基本思路,它是对公民社会权利的重新界定。"公民资格"内涵的变化反映了人们对福利国家作用的重新认识以及对公民个体责任意识的强调。Citizenship theory which was put forward by the English sociologist T. H. Marshall in 1950s,is the vital foun- dation of the universal welfare system in Britain after the Second World War. Social rights of citizenship is the core of citizenship concept,and they have affected powerfully on social policies in Britain after war. This article ascends to the origin and changes of meaning of citizenship concept,and suggests that describing social security as a basic civil right is the highest form of citizenship development. Consumerism, initiated by the Conservative in the end of 1970s, bases on a consumer-oriented principle,whose purpose is to avoid individuals ~ dependence on national assistance and return to self- help and informal care,denies the universal welfare rights that citizens enjoy. New Labor has carried out the new citi- zenship system,whose core is to make the balance of rights and duties and which is the basic thinking of welfare state reform and has again refined the concept of social rights. In fact, the changes of the meaning on＂citizenship＂ also refines the role of welfare state and emphasizes the consciousness of citizens＇ individual responsibility.

关 键 词：公民资格 社会权利 社会政策 T.H.马歇尔 

分 类 号：K561.5[历史地理—历史学]