1919～1928年爱国运动中的自杀者遗书解读  

Unscramble the Suicides' Testaments in the Patriotic Movement From 1919 to 1928

作　　者：刘长林[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学历史系

出　　处：《史学月刊》2010年第3期54-63,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学基金项目"运动激愤式自杀行动社会意义的赋予--以1919~1928年社会运动中的自杀事件为例(2007BLS002)";上海大学"211工程"第三期项目"转型期中国的民间文化生态"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在1919～1928年的爱国运动中,面对异常耻辱的外侮,一些爱国者愤而自杀。他们痛感在外来侵略与压迫下,中国社会仍然四分五裂,抗议运动不能持久,痛感国人不团结、缺乏国家观念,故试图以自杀警醒同胞,使其以国家、民族利益为重,坚持对外抗争。其自杀作为一种积极主动的献身,作为激励国人对外抗争的策略与方式,具有利他主义自杀的特征。在如何报效国家的问题上,他们的认知有偏执之处。但他们对爱国运动存在问题的揭示,引起了媒体及运动组织者的重视。媒体对他们的自杀及遗书予以报道,称他们是殉国的烈士,赋予正面的社会意义与价值,在某种程度上是当时社会动员的需要。In the face of extremely shameful foreign aggression, some patriots killed themselves angrily during the patriotic movement from 1919 to 1928. Under the foreign aggression and oppression, Chinese society still fell apart. The protests couldn＇t last long. The compatriots had no sense of solidarity and lacked in the concept of a nation. All these scenes made them feel very sad. They gave top priority to national interests, insisted on resisting foreign aggressors, and tried to alert the compatriots by killing themselves. As a sort of active dedication and a strategy of inspiring people＇s resistance,their behaviors had obvious characteristics of altruistic suicide. Their cognitions had some crankiness on the problem of how to serve the country. But their revealing of the existing problems in the patriotic movement drew attention of the media and the movement＇ s organizers. To some extent,it was the demands of the social mobilization that the media reported the suicides and testaments,called the suicides martyrs,and bestowed positive social significance and values.

关 键 词：自杀 遗书 爱国运动 爱国者 利他主义自杀 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学]