不同生态玉米高产群体的小气候效应分析  

An analysis of the microclimate effects on different ecological environment of high yield colony of corn plants.

作　　者：张邦琨[1,2] 张璐 陈芳[1,2] 余世洪 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学系 [2]毕节市农业局

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》1998年第5期267-273,共7页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：毕节地区百万亩粮食高产综合配套技术研究及应用课题

摘　　要：通过对不同生态条件下玉米主要生育阶段田间小气候的观测分析，结果表明，毕节高海拔地区３３３３～４４４４株／６６７ｍ２播种密度在玉米生长发育关键时期（大喇叭口－抽雄叶丝）的田间小气候随密度增加更为适合玉米生长发育及产量形成，特别是每６６７ｍ２４４４４株这一密度群体结构最为合理，株间温度２２～２３℃，相对湿度为８５％左右，对太阳辐射能吸收能力强，反射损失少，气候资源的利用率较高，玉米实际６６７ｍ２产５２２２３ｋｇ，洋芋、玉米套作复合产量达６７６５８ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２，相对于其它密度能获得较佳的生态环境和经济效益。若按当地当年气候资源估算，其利用率仅为３４８％，可能增产潜力非常大。The microclimate characteristics of high yield colony of corn plants and the potential production capacity of the main climate elements were studied by analysis the observed data of the critical period of the corn plants growth in the different ecological conditions. The main results are as follows: The field microclimate with corn plants density 3 333-4 444, especially the 4 444 per 667 m 2,is the most suitable condition for the growth of corn plants and higher yield in the high elevation regions of Bijie. The better absorption of solar radiation, the less reflex rate of the radiation and the higher utilization rate of climate resources are obtained in the corn field with temperature 22-23 ℃ and relative humidity about 85%. The total yield(corn grain and potato) 676. 58kg and 522.23 kg grain only and better effects of ecology and economy are obtained in the condition with density of 4444 plants per 667 m 2. It has been estimated the utilization rate of the local climate resources is only 34.8%,therefore the potential capacity of food production is rather great.

关 键 词：玉米 生态气候 小气候 气候影响 高原地区试验 

分 类 号：S162.53[农业科学—农业气象学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]