巴音布鲁克高寒人工草地土壤可培养微生物区系特征  

Characteristics of soil cultivable microbial flora in alpine artificial grasslands in Bayanbulak

作　　者：尹伟[1,2] 胡玉昆[1] 柳妍妍[1] 公延明[1,2] 王吉云 陈爱莲 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]新疆昌吉市草原站,新疆昌吉831100 [4]新疆昌吉州草原站,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第2期303-308,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：全球环境基金项目(GEF);新疆草地资助项目(095F021)

摘　　要：以巴音布鲁克建植期为4、8、15和20年的4种人工草地为对象,以天然草地为对照,采用平板表面涂抹法对0～20cm、20～40cm的土壤微生物区系特征进行了分析。结果表明:细菌数量以建植期4年的草地土壤最多,20年最少,8年、15年人工草地分别是天然草地的1.19和0.58倍;真菌数量为4年人工草地>20年人工草地>15年人工草地>8年人工草地>天然草地;放线菌数量以天然草地最多,8年人工草地次之,20年、4年、15年人工草地依次降低;细菌、真菌以及放线菌数量均在8月达到最大值,9月最小;细菌与植被盖度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),微生物总数与植被盖度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),真菌与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与电导率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),pH值对放线菌的影响最大;影响微生物类群总数的主要生态因子是植被盖度和建植年限。By using dilute plate counting method,the characteristics of microbial flora in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers of alpine artificial grasslands established for 4,8,15,and 20 years in Bayanbulak were studied,with related ecological affecting factors analyzed. The amount of soil bacteria was the highest in 4-year old grassland and the lowest in 20-year old grassland,and was 2.19 and 1.58 times higher in 8-year old and 15-year old grasslands than in natural grassland,respectively. The amount of soil fungi was in order of 4-year old grassland〉20-year old grassland〉15-year old grassland〉 8-year old grassland 〉natural grassland; and the amount of soil actinomyces was the highest in natural grassland,followed by in 8-,20-,4-,and 15-year old grasslands. The three soil microbial groups reached the maximum in August and the minimum in September. The total amount of soil microbes and the amount of soil bacteria had significant positive correlations with vegetation coverage,and the amount of soil fungi was significantly positively correlated with soil moisture content and soil conductivity. Soil pH had the greatest effects on the amount of soil actinomyces,and the main ecological factors affecting the total amount of soil microbes were vegetation coverage and the time of grassland establishment.

关 键 词：巴音布鲁克 不同建植期 土壤微生物数量 生态因子 区系特征 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]