1950s中期以来东北地区盐碱地时空变化及成因分析  

Changes of Saline-alkali Land in Northeast China and Its Causes since the Mid-1950s

作　　者：张树文[1] 杨久春[1,2] 李颖[1] 张养贞[1] 常丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2010年第3期435-442,共8页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40771162);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-Y-02)

摘　　要：论文以1950 s中期1:100 000地形图和2000年Landsat/TM影像为数据源,基于地学知识重塑1950 s中期盐碱地分布状况,通过人机交互解译方式获取2000年盐碱地分布状况,然后采用G IS空间分析方法对近50年盐碱地时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:①东北盐碱地主要分布在松嫩平原(占90%以上)和呼伦贝尔草原,盐碱地由58.51×104hm2增至219.31×104hm2,吉林省盐碱地扩展最显著,盐碱地面积最大;②盐碱化程度从以轻度盐碱化为主发展为以中重度盐碱化为主;③气候变化、水利灌溉设施和道路网建设、过牧和滥垦、油田开采等多种因素导致东北盐碱地扩大,但在局部地区由于生态恢复和改良利用措施、过量抽取地下水导致水位大幅度下降,使得盐碱地也有缩减。It is important to understand the spatio-temporal dynamic change characteristics of saline-alkali land in Northeast China,for it is thought as the important potential resources for paddy cultivation and building land in the meantime.Based on relief maps of the mid-1950s and Landsat TM images of 2000,we reconstructed the history distribution of saline-alkali land by integrating with graphics method and expert experience,and obtained its present distribution through interactive machine-artificial interpretation.Then the spatio-temporal change characteristics over the past five decades were analyzed with the support of GIS spatial analysis methods.The results show that,（1） The saline-alkali land of Northeast China,mainly in Songnen Grassland（occupying more than 90%） and Hulunbeir Grassland,increased from 58.51×104 hm2 to 219.31×104 hm2.A total of 85.93×104 hm2 of secondary saline-alkali land existed in Jilin Province,making it the largest distribution region in Northeast China.（2） The moderate and serious saline-alkali land predominated in 2000,occupying 54.05%,while it was primarily light saline-alkali land in the mid-1950s.And it was increasingly fragmentary,as the patch numbers increased dramatically and the largest patch index decreased.（3） The expansion of saline-alkali land of Northeast China was primarily caused by the increasingly drier climatic changing trend,inappropriate configuration and locations of irrigation works,roads network,overgrazing and estrepement.However,there was alleviation by the implementation of ecological restoration,amendment for reclamation,the sharp decrease of water table due to delivering a great deal of groundwater resources,and reclamation and use for construction area.

关 键 词：遥感 地理信息系统 盐碱地 东北地区 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]