烟蚜茧蜂随寄主有翅桃蚜迁飞而被携带扩散的模拟实验  

Experimental simulation of transmission of an obligate aphid parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) with flight dispersal of alates of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera:Aphididae)

作　　者：郭近[1] 冯明光[2] 陈学新[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院昆虫科学研究所,作物病虫分子生物学农业部重点开放实验室,杭州310029 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院微生物研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2010年第2期175-182,共8页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(30625006);科技部"973"计划项目(2006CB102005);教育部"创新团队发展计划"项目(IRT0355)

摘　　要：蚜虫寄生蜂的广泛分布可能与有翅蚜的迁飞有关。为了证明这一假说,本研究利用微小昆虫飞行磨系统,分数十批(≤16头/批)对被烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead单头寄生后的有翅桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)进行模拟飞行并系统观察了飞行后有翅桃蚜的单头定殖情况。对实验观察数据按飞行时间和飞行距离进行归类,采用单因素方差分析方法分析飞行时间和飞行距离对有翅桃蚜定殖后的存活和生殖力、烟蚜茧蜂发育等变量的影响;采用多项式回归分析对所有变量和归类的数据进行统计和分析。结果表明:成功飞行并定殖的有翅桃蚜有378头,其中239头有翅桃蚜定殖后形成僵蚜。形成僵蚜的有翅桃蚜在飞行实验时平均飞行时间和飞行距离分别为2.63h和2.16km,定殖后平均存活了6.11d,定殖第6天和第14天平均产若蚜累计数量分别为8.5头和162头。形成僵蚜和未形成僵蚜的有翅蚜的模拟飞行数据和定殖观察数据无显著差异。形成僵蚜的239头有翅桃蚜中,最终成功育出烟蚜茧蜂205头,僵蚜出蜂率为85.8%。雌雄性比为1∶5.2。结论认为,专性寄生蚜虫的烟蚜茧蜂可以利用有翅蚜的迁飞而被携带扩散传播,有翅蚜迁飞在蚜虫寄生蜂扩散中具有重要作用。The wide dispersal of aphid parasitoids is most likely related to the flight of parasitized alates. This hypothesis was examined via simulated flight and post-flight colonization of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae （Sulzer） alates parasitized individually by a common obligate aphid parasitoid, Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead. Data grouped by flight time （h） and flight distance （km） were analyzed using one-way ANOVA procedure, and for all the variables, a stepwise procedure of polynomial regression analysis was used. The results showed that a total number of 378 alates flew successfully in different batches, and among them, 239 alates were mummified finally. Mummified alates flew for an average time and distance of 2.63 h and 2.16 km, respectively, survived for an average time of 6.11 d, and laid 8.5 nymphs and 162 nymphs per alate during a 6-day and 14-day post-flight period, respectively. The non-mummified alates did not differ significantly in these statistics from the mummified alates. Associated parasitoids successfully developed in the mummified alates, and eventually a total of 205 mummified alates emerged as adult wasps （85.8%） with a sex ratio of 1 ： 5.2. We so conclude that host dispersal flight is utilized by aphid parasitoids for their own dispersal. The results highlight the significant role of aphid dispersal flight in disseminating parasitoids.

关 键 词：蚜虫 桃蚜 烟蚜茧蜂 寄生蜂 迁飞扩散 模拟飞行 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]