典型多层地铁车站中间层起火时的通风模式优化分析  

Optimization of Ventilation Mode during Intermediate-Floor Fire in a Typical Multi-Floor Subway Station

作　　者：纪杰[1,2] 钟委[3] 张英[1] 霍然[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026 [2]河南理工大学河南省煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治重点实验室,河南焦作454003 [3]郑州大学化学工程学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2010年第2期131-136,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：河南省煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治重点实验室开放课题项目(HKLGF200906);中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题项目(HZ2008-KF06);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2009040703)

摘　　要：以某典型3层十字交叉换乘地铁车站为研究对象,针对地铁车站内可燃物的状况,设计峰值为2MW的t2-增长稳定火源,根据地铁车站结构、各层公共区防烟分区和通风系统设置,将紧急通风模式分为起火层下层送风机组关闭和开启2种。选用计算流体力学软件FDS5.0,将火源设置在地下2层靠近站台端部处,建立地铁车站三维模型,采用大涡模拟(LargeEddySimulation)方法对起火层机械排烟效果进行模拟。对起火层内流场、温度场和速度场的分析结果表明:开启地下3层送风机组可使补向地下2层的风量和地下2层的压力增加,有效地降低火源所在防烟分区内的烟气层厚度和温度,实现更好的防排烟效果。Taking a typical cross-type transfer subway station with 3 floors as the research object, based on the investigation and analysis for combustibles in the subway station, a fire source was designed following t^ 2- curve with a peak heat release rate of 2MW. In terms of the station structure, the smoke zone partition in public area and the ventilation system configuration of each floor, two types of fire emergency ventilation mode were selected, which were the modes with and without operating the air supply system in the floor below the fire floor. Using the computational fluid dynamics software FDS5.0, a 3D model of the subway station was built with a fire located much close to one end wall in the second floor. Large Eddy Simulation model was used to assess the effect of the mechanical smoke exhausting of the fire floor under different ventilation modes. The analysis of the flow field, temperature field and velocity field in the fire floor showed that once the air supply system in the third floor was operated, the amount of air supplied to the fire floor and the pressure in the fire floor increased, the depth of smoke layer and the temperature in the smoke zone where the fire occurred was effectively reduced. Therefore, a more effective smoke control was obtained.

关 键 词：地铁车站 火灾 烟气控制 通风模式 数值计算 

分 类 号：U213.96[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]