不同授粉方法对小麦与小黑麦杂交结实率的影响  

Effect of Different Pollination Methods on Setting Percentage of Wheat and Triticale Hybrids

作　　者：王子霞[1] 姚翠琴[2] 邵琳[1] 海热古力.阿不力孜 苏敬国[3] 李新杰[4] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆生产建设兵团农六师108团,新疆奇台831808 [4]新疆生产建设兵团农八师122团农业技术推广站,新疆石河子832062

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2010年第3期569-572,共4页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆农科院院长基金项目"小麦远缘杂交胚拯救技术的研究及种质创新"(院2006Y01)

摘　　要：【目的】比较花药涂抹法和捻穗授粉法结实率的差异，为创造新的种质资源，提高小麦与小黑麦杂交育种工作效率提供依据。【方法】以5个春小麦品种（新春27号、新春26号、新春15号、新春9号和S-22（系））和新小黑麦1号为材料，每个材料分别采用两种授粉方法进行人工杂交，授粉后12．16d按不同授粉方法单独取穗、剥粒统计授粉小花数和小花结实数，采用DPS数据处理系统进行数据统计分析。【结果】两种授粉方法的杂交结实率存在一定差异，花药涂抹法平均结实率为78．01％，捻穗授粉法平均结实率为87．73％，二者差异显著。5个杂交组合采用捻穗授粉法的结实率都高于花药涂抹法。【结论】比较两种授粉方法结实率的差异，捻穗授粉法的杂交结实率明显高于花药涂抹法，捻穗法操作简便、快捷、大大提高了杂交授粉工作效率。[ Objective ] The differences of setting percentage of anther daub method and ears twist method were compared with each other so as to create new germplasm resources and improve the hybridization efficiency of wheat and triticale. [ Method] Artificial cross pollination experiment was conducted using the two pollination methods on 5 spring wheat cultivars, Xinchun27, Xinchun 26, Xinchun 15, Xinchun 9 and S - 22 （ series ） and the triticale 1. After 12- 16 days pollination, the spikes from the different pollination methods were taken respectively and the grains were peeled and the number of pollinated spikelts and spikelts setting were counted. Date statistic analysis was conducted by using the DPS date treatment system. [ Result] There were significant differences in setting percentage of hybridization between the two pollination methods and the average setting percentage 78.01% was obtained with anther daub method and that 87.73 % was obtained with ears twist method;of all of the 5 cross composition, the setting percentage of ears twist method was higher than anther daub method. [ Conclusion ] By comparison of setting percentage of the two different pollination methods, it can be concluded that the ears twist method was better than anther daub method. The ears twist method is easy and rapid to operate which greatly improved the effect of cross pollination.

关 键 词：小麦 小黑麦 授粉方法 杂交结实率 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S512.4