巴卡小寨民族生态博物馆的命运解读:社区参与的视角  

Community Participation:Analyzing the Fate of Jinuo Ethnic Ecological Museum

作　　者：孙九霞[1] 马涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学旅游学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2010年第1期90-95,共6页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"社区参与旅游开发与少数民族传统文化保护研究"(项目批准号:06BMZ022);中山大学青年教师培育项目"旅游对目的地族群文化和认同的影响"(项目编号:3161103)的阶段成果

摘　　要："民族生态博物馆"是20世纪后期出现于欧洲的一种新的文化遗产保护方式,20世纪末传入我国,并在贵州、云南、广西的少数民族社区建立了一批民族生态博物馆用以保护当地少数民族的传统文化。西双版纳巴卡小寨基诺民族生态博物馆就是其中的典型代表。该博物馆在实践中经历过短暂的繁荣后却出现了许多问题,最终陷入困境、走向衰落,而失去其保护传统文化的作用。研究发现社区居民的利益诉求受到忽视、参与积极性受到挫伤、没有实现社区的有效参与是造成博物馆陷入衰败的重要原因。论文指出,民族生态博物馆作为一种文化的新型保护形式,其内涵与传统意义上的博物馆保护形式截然不同,其更加强调将文化遗产与其生产者、所有者纳入共同发展的平台中,通过发展社区旅游来实现文化保护、文化传承的作用,并最终实现社区与旅游的共同可持续发展。As a new way to preserve cultural heritages, Ecological Museum emerged in late 20th-century Europe and was introduced to China with the name of Ethnic Ecological Museums to protect the traditional culture of ethnic minorities in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi at the end of last century. Jinuo Ethnic Ecological Museum （hereinafter referred to as Jinuo Museum } at Baka Village of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, is a typical case in this field. With a running start, Jinuo Museum, however, many problems exist in its practice, and it has now retreated to decadency and lost its function of preserving traditional heritages. Based on the analysis of its development course, the paper is to present that the neglect for residents＇benefits and interests, which has dampened their enthusiasm to participate in the development of Jinuo Museum and tourism, has caused the state of Jinuo Museum. Eth- nic Ecological Museums, in which the fusion of cultures, producers and owners is emphasized, is totally different from previous preservation. Through the development of community tourism to protect and expend cultures, Ethnic Ecological Museums will achieve sustainable development of tourism in these ethnic minority communities.

关 键 词：民族生态博物馆 基诺族 社区参与 可持续发展 

分 类 号：G269.26[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]