不同水肥处理对水稻氮肥利用率和水分生产率的影响  

Effects of Different Treatments of Fertilization and Irrigation on the N-utilization Rate and Water Productivity of Rice

作　　者：刘晗[1] 

机构地区：[1]菏泽学院园林工程系,山东菏泽274015

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第9期4466-4468,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国际合作课题"More rice with less water"

摘　　要：[目的]为稻田合理施用氮肥和灌溉提供科学依据。[方法]通过灌溉与施肥试验研究了水稻氮肥利用率和水分生产率的变化规律。[结果]差值法的测定结果表明,2种施氮水平的氮肥利用率差异不显著;相同灌溉方式下,在施氮肥处理30%基肥+30%分蘖肥+30%拔节肥+10%穗肥和50%基肥+50%拔节肥中节水灌溉的氮肥利用率高于淹灌。同位素稀释法的测定结果表明,节水灌溉的氮肥利用率高于淹灌。不同施肥处理的全生育期灌水量差异不显著,而不同灌溉方式的全生育期灌水量差异显著。随着施肥量的增加水稻的水分生产率增加。方差分析结果表明,不同施肥方式下的水稻的水分生产率差异不显著,而不同灌溉方式下水稻的水分生产率差异极显著。[结论]合理施肥和节水灌溉能显著提高水稻的氮肥利用率和水分生产率。[Objective] The aim was to provide scientific basis for reasonable N-fertilizer application and irrigation in paddy field. [Method] The change law of N-utilization rate and water productivity of rice was studied through fertilization and irrigation experiments. [Result] The determination results of difference method indicated that the N-utilization rates of the 2 N-fertilization levels had no significant difference; under the same irrigation model,the N-utilization rates of water-saving irrigation were higher than that of flooding irrigation in the N-fertilization treatments of 30%base fertilizer ＋ 30%tillering fertilizer ＋ 30%jointing fertilizer ＋ 10%heading fertilizer and 50%base fertilizer ＋ 50%jointing fertilizer. The determination results of isotope dilution method indicated that the N-utilization rate of water saving irrigation was higher than that of flooding irrigation. The irrigation amounts of whole growth period of different fertilization treatments had no significant difference,but that of different irrigation models had significant difference. The water productivity of rice was increased along with the increase of fertilization amount. The results of variance analysis indicated that the water productivities of rice under different fertilization models had no significant difference,but that under different irrigation models had extremely significant difference. [Conclusion] Both reasonable fertilization and water-saving irrigation could enhance the N-utilization rate and water productivity of rice significantly.

关 键 词：水稻 节水灌溉 氮肥利用率 水分生产率 15N同位素 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]