陕西农村围绝经期妇女健康状况保健需求调查  

An investigation of health status and demand of perimenopausal women in Shaanxi rural areas

作　　者：边永娜[1] 李芬[1] 张欣文[1] 夏晓娜[1] 宋晖[1] 王丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院妇幼中心,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2010年第2期149-151,共3页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的通过了解陕西省部分农村地区围绝经期妇女的健康状况和对保健服务的需求，分析在农村开展围绝经期保健的重要性。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法，对陕西省4个县9个乡镇共计729名40~60岁的农村妇女进行面对面问卷调查和相关检查。结果调查对象中，自然绝经年龄平均为47.86岁，现患病前5位依次为：心血管疾病（14.81%）、消化系统疾病（7.82%）、妇科肿瘤（7.13%）、骨关节疾病（6.17%）和内分泌疾病（4.66%）。88.61%的被调查者有不同程度的围绝经期相关症状，其中最常见的前4种依次为：焦躁（71.47%）、头晕（65.71%）、易疲劳乏力（63.51%）和肌肉骨关节痛（62.69%）。月经初潮年龄与自然绝经年龄相关分析显示无显著相关性（R=0.044，P=0.554）。虽然有约一半的调查对象知道妇女有围绝经期过程，但仅有8.09%的人对围绝经期相关症状比较清楚，85.87%的被调查者几乎没有获得过围绝经期健康教育宣传。结论大部分陕西农村妇女在围绝经期出现了不同程度的相关症状，但其缺乏对围绝经期知识的了解，能得到的相应保健服务有限。因此，有必要在陕西省农村地区开展围绝经期健康教育和健康促进工作。Objective To investigate health status and demand of perimenopausal women in Shaanxi rural areas, and to explore importance of developing perimenopausal health care in rural areas. Methods In randomized cluster sampling method, 729 rural perimenopausal women aged 40~60 years in 9 townships of 4 counties of Shaanxi province were investigated facetoface with questionnaires and were examined in some related items. Results The average age of natural menopause was 47.86 years in this cohort. The first five prevalent diseases were cardiovascular diseases（14.81%）, digestive system diseases（7.82%）, gynecologic tumors（7.13%）, bone and joint diseases（6.17%） and endocrine diseases（4.66%）. 88.61% of the subjects had some varied degrees of symptoms relating to perimenopause. The first four most frequent and common symptoms were restlessness （71.47%）, dizziness（65.71%）, fatigue（63.51%） and muscular, bone and joint pains（62.69）. The menarche age was not related to menopause age（R=0.044,P=0.554）. Although almost half of the subjects knew that a woman would experience perimenopausal period in her life, only 8.09% of them understood perimenopausal relative symptoms. 85.87% of them hardly had received any perimenopausal health education. Conclusion Most perimenopusal women in Shaanxi rural areas have some perimenopausal symptoms in varied degrees, but they don’t know the related health knowledge and preventive health services they could get are limited. Therefore,it is necessary to develop perimenopausal health education and helth promotion in rural areas of Shaanxi province.

关 键 词：农村 围绝经期 保健需求 横断面调查 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]