新疆耕地时空变化特征  

Research of Changes in Cultivated Land in Xinjiang Based on RS and GIS

作　　者：陈红[1,2] 吴世新[1] 冯雪力[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2010年第3期312-318,共7页Progress in Geography

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-YW-09)

摘　　要：以新疆1990年、2000年、2005年和2008年4期土地利用数据库及其遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS空间分析提取3期耕地动态变化数据。从现状分析、发展动态对新疆3期耕地开发利用的空间格局、面积变化和类型结构进行了分析。结果表明,耕地总面积持续增加,耕地年均净增和开垦速度呈先增后减的趋势,耕地年均流失速度持续递减;耕地开垦由绿洲地区向沙漠、戈壁延伸,而耕地流失则主要集中在绿洲地区,中东、西北和西南的边缘地区的耕地面积变化相对较大(Rid>1.02);耕地开发结构由草地和林地为主转向草地和未利用地为主,未利用地的开发结构由裸土地、盐碱地为主转向沙地、戈壁和盐碱地为主,耕地的利用结构以草地、建设用地和未利用地为主;耕地与建设用地的相互转化始终是负转化,与草地间的转化是正转化。With the data of cultivated land in Xinjiang during 1990-2008 extracted from the land use data base and remote sensing images by means of spatial analyst in GIS, this paper analyzed its present temporal-spatial patterns, area changes and type structures, and its development dynamics. The results showed that the total area of cultivated land kept increasing, the annual average net-increased and reclamation speed increased sharply during 1990 and 2005 and then decreased slightly during 2005 and 2008, while the annual average loss speed kept decreasing. The reclamation of cultivated land extended from oases to deserts and gobi deserts, while the loss of cultivated land mainly occurred in oases. At the same time, the cultivated-land change in the mid-east, northwest and northeast border districts was relatively greater （Rid〉1.02）. The reclamation transferred from grassland and forest land to grassland and non-utilized land, the ratio of non-utilized land reclamation continuously increased and the reclamation transferred from bare land and saline-alkali land to sandy lands, gobi deserts and saline-alkali land, while the utilization type of transformed cultivated land was mainly grassland, non-utilized land and construction land. The transformation between cultivated land and construction land was always negative, while the transformation between cultivated land and grassland was positive.

关 键 词：耕地开垦 耕地利用 年均变化率 相对变化率 新疆 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]