钢轨万能轧制过程金属延伸规律的理论与试验研究  

Theoretical and Experimental Research on the Elongation Law of the Rail in Rail Rolling by a Universal Mill

作　　者：董永刚[1] 张文志[1] 宋剑锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]燕山大学机械工程学院,秦皇岛066004 [2]哈尔滨工业大学机电学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2010年第6期87-92,共6页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50775196);教育部博士点基金(20070216006);河北省自然科学基金(08B017)资助项目

摘　　要：为研究钢轨万能轧制过程中的延伸规律,把轨头、轨腰和轨底分开来考虑,引入考虑轨腰和轨头、轨底压下率差异的变形协调系数和轧件材质影响系数,分别对Smirnov宽展公式和古布金宽展公式进行修正。根据此宽展公式计算出轨头和轨底的理论延伸系数,并在此基础上由体积不变条件推导出钢轨的平均延伸系数。为进一步分析轨头、轨底的宽展规律以及延伸规律,对18kg/m普碳钢轻轨的万能轧制过程进行刚塑性有限元模拟,并且在燕山大学轧钢实验室完成18kg/m普碳钢轻轨的万能热轧试验,实测采用不同轧制规程时轨头、轨底的宽展值和延伸系数。通过比较可知,修正后的轨头、轨底宽展模型计算结果比修正前的模型更接近于实测值,而且采用平均延伸系数基本可以准确反应钢轨各部分的延伸规律。因此修正后的轨头宽展模型可以用于预测钢轨万能轧制过程宽展和合理制定轧制规程。For studying the elongation taw of the rail in rail universal rolling, the head, base and web of rail are considered individually, and the deformation concordant coefficient and material influence coefficient are applied in this spread formula to correct the Smirnov spread formula and Gubujin spread formula. Based on the corrected spread formula, the theoretical elongation coefficients of the base and head of rail are obtained, and the mean elongation coefficient is derived by the law of constant volume. For analyzing the law of spread and elongation more deeply, the universal rolling process of 18 kg/m light rail is simulated by using rigid-plastic finite element method （FEM）. Moreover, the universal rolling experiment is accomplished in the Rolling Laboratory of Yanshan University, and the spread values and elongation coefficients of the rail subject to different rolling technology are measured. Through comparison, it can be seen that the corrected spread formula is accurate enough and its calculation results are more close to the measuring results, and the mean elongation coefficients can be used to show the elongation law of the rail. So it is reliable and feasible to predict the spread and the elongation of the rail in rail universal rolling and preset the rolling technology rationally according to this corrected spread formula and mean elongation coefficient.

关 键 词：钢轨万能轧机 变形协调系数 宽展 平均延伸系数 刚塑性有限元 试验 

分 类 号：TG335.4[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]