线粒体DNA多态性在人类学研究中的应用  

Application of mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in the anthropology

作　　者：裴林国[1] 席焕久[1] 刘海东[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁医学院人类学研究所,辽宁省锦州市121000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2010年第7期1291-1294,共4页Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：背景:线粒体DNA具有多拷贝数、母系遗传、突变率高、极少发生重组等特性,在分子生态学、分子遗传学、法医学和人类学研究上都有重要的意义。目的:综合分析线粒体DNA研究方法的发展,探讨其在人类学研究方面的应用。方法:以mitochondrial DNA,polymorphism,haplogroup为检索词,检索Pubmed数据库(1999-01/2009-04)。文献检索语种限制为英文。纳入人类学相关的内容,排除动物实验。结果与结论:计算机初检得到235篇文献,33篇符合纳入标准。线粒体DNA具有多拷贝数、母系遗传、突变率高、极少发生重组等特性,通过分析变异及其分布范围与频率等信息,来推断不同人群体之间的关系以及重建群体事件。线粒体DNA变异信息的提取方法经历了低分辨率RFLP、高分辨率RFLP、测序和RFLP与高变区测序相结合的变迁。线粒体DNA多态性在推断不同人群亲缘关系、不同人群族源和不同人群迁移路线3个方面的应用具有极其重要的意义。世界范围内各个群体的线粒体DNA数据库不完整制约着其在人类学方面的应用。改进现有的数学统计模型并且建立、丰富全球范围内各个群体的线粒体DNA数据库是今后研究的主要方向。线粒体DNA在分子生态学、分子遗传学、法医学和人类学以及组织工程研究上都有重要的意义,特别是在研究人类起源和比较不同人群亲缘关系方面更具有重要的辅助作用。BACKGROUND： The mitochondrial DNA with multiple copy number, maternal inheritance, high mutation rate, restructuring and other rare features, has important significance at levels of molecular ecology, molecular genetics, forensic and anthropological research. OBJECTIVE： To comprehensively analyze mitochondrial DNA in the development of research methods, and to explore the application of anthropological research. METHODS： With the key words of mitochondrial DNA, polymorphism, and haplogroup in English, a computer-based online search was conducted in Pubmed database from January 1999 to April 2009. Anthropology relevant articles were included, but animal experiments were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Among the first inspection of 235 documents, 33 met the inclusion criteria. Mitochondrial DNA characterized by multiple copy number, maternal inheritance, high mutation rate, and very few re-occurring features, thus by analyzing the scope and frequency of information, it could be used to infer the relationship between the different populations, as well as the reconstruction of mass incidents. Mitochondrial DNA variation information extraction method had experienced low RFLP, high-resolution RFLP, sequencing and RFLP and sequencing of hypervariable region. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms played an important role in interfering phylogenetic relationships, different groups of national origin and migration routes. Mitochondrial DNA database of various groups around the world did not restrict the full application in anthropology. Mathematical statistical model which was used to improve existing, build and enrich various groups of mitochondrial DNA database all over the world is the main direction for future research. Mitochondrial DNA is significance in molecular ecology, molecular genetics, forensic science and anthropology, as well as the study of tissue engineering, especially in the study of human origins and comparative phylogenetic relationships of different populations.

关 键 词：线粒体DNA 多态性 单倍群 群体关系 细胞工程 组织工程 综述文献 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]