机构地区:[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院检验科, 100730 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院同济医院检验科 [3]浙江大学医学院附属第一医院感染科 [4]上海复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸科 [5]中国医科大学附属第一医院检验科 [6]广州中山大学附属第一医院检验科 [7]西安交通大学附属第一医医院 [8]重庆第三军医大学附属西南医院检验科 [9]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院感染科 [10]广东省人民医院检验科 [11]北京大学人民医院检验科 [12]天津医科大学总医院检验科
出 处:《中华检验医学杂志》2010年第3期224-230,共7页Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine
摘 要:目的调查2008年我国革兰阳性球菌临床分离株的耐药性。方法收集2008年6至12月12家教学医院临床分离的1171株非重复革兰阳性球菌。采用琼脂稀释法测定抗菌药物的MIC值。结果金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中耐苯唑西林菌株分别占49.9%(232/465)和74.0%(179/242);不同地区MRSA发生率在33.3%~65.0%之间;不同标本MRSA分离率分别为:呼吸道标本71.1%(108/152),血液标本48.3%(28/58),脓、伤口和无菌体液标本36.0%(68/189)。MRSA对复方磺胺和氯霉素的敏感率为81.5%(183/232)和89.7%(208/232);对喹诺酮类、庆大霉素、红霉素、克林霉素、四环素和利福平的敏感率为3.9%~35.0%;未发现对替考拉宁、万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药的葡萄球菌。共发现3株VRE;粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺的敏感率分别为96.2%(101/105)和97.0%(130/134),对高浓度庆大霉素耐药率分别为48.6%(51/105)和75.4%(101/134);粪肠球菌对氯霉素和四环素的敏感率低于屎肠球菌,但对其他所测试抗菌药物均有较高的敏感性;屎肠球菌对除糖肽类抗菌药及利奈唑胺以外的其他所测抗菌药物的敏感率均较低。225株PISP分离率为24.9%(56/225),未发现PRSPo≤3岁儿童组肺炎链球菌中PNSSP分离率为36.6%(15/41),其他年龄组患者中PNSSP分离率为15.4%~26.6%。青霉素敏感的肺炎球菌(PSSP)对头孢丙烯、头孢呋辛和头孢克罗敏感率分别为67.5%(114/169)、66.3%(112/169)和61.5%(104/169),而PISP对这3种药物均耐药;所测225株肺炎链球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺高度敏感,对加替沙星、左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星的敏感率分别为96.9%,97.8%和98.2%,对头孢曲松、氯霉素和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的敏感率�Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive cocci in China in 2008. Methods From June 2008 to December 2008, 1 171 consecutive and non-repetitive gram-positive cocci were collected from 12 teaching hospitals. The MICs of antibacterial agents was determined by agar dilution method. Results The prevalence of MRSA and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci ( MRSCoN ) was 49. 9% ( 232/465 ) and 74. 0% ( 179/242 ) , respectively. The MRSA prevalence ranged from 33.3% to 65% in different regions. About 71.1% (108/152) of Staphylococcus aureus from respiratory tract specimens, 48.3% (28/58) of Staphylococcus aureus from blood samples, and 36% (68/189) of Staphylococcus aureus from the pus,wound and sterile body fuid samples were resistant to methicillin. The susceptible rates of MRSA to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and chloramphenicol were 81.5% (183/232) and 89. 7% (208/232). Susceptibility to gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines, rifampicin, and quinolones were from 3.9% to 35. 0%. All Staphylococci isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. Three vacomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains were found in this study. About 96. 2%0 (101/105) of Enterococcusfaecalis and 97% (130/134) of Enterococcus faeciam were susceptible to linezoild. Fifty-one out of 105 of Enterococcus faecalis ( 48.6% ) and 101 out of 134 Enterococcus faecium ( 75.4%0 ) were resistant to high concentration gentamiein. The susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis to all the antibiotics except for chloramphenicol and tetracycline was higher than that of Enterococcus faecium. Enterococcus faecium isolates showed a high resistant prevalence to most of antibiotics except glycopeptides and linezolid. The prevalence of PISP among 225 isolates was 24. 9% (56/225). No PRSP were found. The prevalence of PNSSP strains isolated from ≤ 3 years children was 36.6% ( 15/41 ) , and the prevalence of PNSSP
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