道德、法律、守法义务之间的系统性理论——自然法学说与法律实证主义关系透视  

A Systematic Theory among Morality, Law and Obligation to Obey Law

作　　者：刘杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2010年第2期3-22,共20页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要："恶法命题"是处理道德-法律关系的静态法哲学的核心命题,由于预设了不同的法律观,两个恶法命题非但不构成形式逻辑意义上的反对关系,反而在理论功能、实践效果上具有统一性。恶法命题的真实意义存在于广义的守法环节。守法义务理论既是恶法命题在动态的守法领域的延伸、拓展和应用,又是对恶法命题的呼应、落实和证成。具有耦合关系的恶法命题和守法义务命题在自然法学和法律实证主义的理论体系中,分别构成了前后相继的两个"道德命题"和两个"分离命题",由此形成的"道德-法律-守法义务之间的系统性理论",既从理论上说明了两大法学派"不同而相通"是如何实现的,也解释了二者共同维护正义、自由、法治是如何可能的。这一理论实现了法哲学从静态到动态的跃迁,是两大法学派相互争辨、借鉴并彼此补充、深化的结果。As the expression of the core theses of both natural law and legal positivism, the ＂unjust law theses＂ are the core theses of static philosophy of law which are used to deal with the relationship between morality and law. Due to different presuppositions of concepts of law, these two ＂unjust law theses＂ are consistent both in theory and practice rather than opposite in formal logic. Logical analysis and historical study have shown that both natural law and legal positivism can support freedom, democracy and rule of law, and can also object to totalitarianism, despotism and tyranny. As far as their practical function, the real significance of ＂unjust law theses＂ lies in the dynamic law-abiding process. The concept of obligation to obey law is on one hand related to the dynamic law enforcement, and on the other hand related to the theory of morality of law, thus is an important category as a theoretic pivot. The complication of the theories about obligation to obey law derives from the change of the idea of justice, and has some positive significance. It reveals the defects of natural law, advocates strongly for the thesis of Dura Lex, Sed Lex, contributes to the formation and enunciation of the self-correction and society-stabilizing mechanisms of democratic constitutionalism, and reminders us the practical character of jurisprudence. The theories about obligation to obey law are not only the development and application of ＂unjust law theses＂ in the domain of dynamic law-abiding, but also the fulfillment and justification of it. The ＂unjust law theses＂ and theses of law-abiding obligation which have coupling relationship between each other constitute two morality theses which appear sequentially in the theoretical system of natural law, and also constitute two separate theses in the theoretical system of legal positivism, thus form the systematic theory among morality, law and obligation to obey law. The systematic theory not only explains the realization of the ＂different but interlinked s

关 键 词：道德与法律 守法义务 法学流派 法哲学 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]