环境侵权证明责任倒置合理性论证  

Argumentation for the Justification of Reverse Burden of Proof in Environmental Tort

作　　者：刘英明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院 [2]中国人民大学

出　　处：《北方法学》2010年第2期103-110,共8页Northern Legal Science

摘　　要：为减轻环境侵权诉讼中原告证明损害和被告加害行为之间存在因果关系的困难,发达国家发展出了多种形态的因果关系推定学说、判例和立法。中国现行法确立的因果关系举证责任倒置规则,对环境侵权诉讼原告的举证困难减轻得更多。从促进信息供给、保护受害者、预防污染和惩戒污染、实质正义、利益平衡、立法难易度、司法可预测性、制度变迁成本等七个方面来看,在环境侵权诉讼中实行因果关系证明责任倒置较因果关系推定为优,因此我国环境侵权立法中应继续实行因果关系证明责任倒置原则,没有必要退回到适用因果关系推定。In order to alleviate the plaintiff＇s difficulty in proving the causation between the damages and tortious conduct of the defendant, developed countries have established the causation presumption by various doctrines, cases and legislations. According to the current laws on environmental tort in China, plaintiff＇ s proving difficulty has been much more alleviated by the doctrine of reverse burden of proof. In environmental tort lawsuits, the reverse burden of proof in causation is superior to causation presumption in such aspects as facilitation of providing information ; protection of the victim ; prevention of pollution ; substantial justice ; bal- ance of interest; level of difficulty in legislation; the judiciary predictability; and cost of system evolvement. Therefore, in the legislation on environmental tort in our country, the reverse burden of proof in cause should be maintained and there is no need to retrieve to the application of causation presumption.

关 键 词：因果关系 因果关系证明责任倒置 因果关系推定 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]