基于花粉萌发与结铃表现选育耐高温高产杂交棉  

Development of cotton hybrid with high-temperature tolerance and high yield by performance of pollen germination and boll setting

作　　者：蔡义东 袁小玲[2] 邓茳明[3] 贾菲[3] 刘志[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省农作物良种引进示范中心,湖南长沙410016 [2]湖南农业大学金农种业有限公司,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第2期119-122,共4页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30900909);湖南省教育厅优秀青年科研项目(08B033)

摘　　要：2004年以苏棉12号、中棉12号、苏棉16号和J011为母本,分别与新优棉68和K-79配制了8个杂交组合.2005—2006年对配制的棉花杂交组合在盛花期和结铃期的单株结铃数、成铃率及其花粉在室内培养时最高萌发率和花粉管最长生长长度进行了测定,并进行了主成分分析,根据第一和第二主分量(PC1和PC2)值,可以将杂交组合划分为耐高温(+PC1,+PC2)、较耐高温(+PC1,-PC2)、较敏感(-PC1,+PC2)和敏感(-PC1,-PC2)类型.从配制的8个杂交组合中筛选出来的耐高温组合JL06在区域试验中表现出结铃性好、适应性强和高产的特点,并于2009年3月通过了湖南省作物品种审定委员会的审定.采用该方法,能够将耐高温性状引入育种目标,培育出耐高温和高产的棉花品种,以适应当前的植棉环境和将来变暖的气候条件.Eight combinations were obtained by crossing Sumian 12, Zhongmian 12, Sumian 16 and J011, respectively, with mutual father parents Xinyoumian 68 and K-79, two cotton lines with high fiber quality and yield and multi-resistances, in 2004, a screening method, based on principal component analysis of average boll numbers and retention per plant during peak flowering and boll-setting periods in the field, maximum pollen germination and pollen tube length in an in vitro culture experiment for cotton hybrid combinations, was used in the present study in 2005 and 2006 and, as a result, the hybrids could be classified as tolerant（＋PC1 and ＋PC2）, moderately tolerant（＋PC1 and - PC2）, moderately susceptible（- PC1 and ＋PC2） and susceptible （- PC1 and- PC2）to high temperature stress according to the scores of the first two principal components vectors. The high-temperature tolerant hybrid JL06 screened from the 8 combinations performed with strong boll setting, wide adaptability and high yield during two-year more and multi-site experiments, and approved by Hunan Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2009. A new cultivar for high temperature tolerance can be developed by the method during cotton breeding program to stabilize yields for consistently high yields in the present cotton-producing environment and in the future warmer climate.

关 键 词：棉花杂交种 高温耐性 花粉萌发 结铃 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S332.5[农业科学—作物遗传育种]