轴流式血泵叶轮结构简化对流体力学特性的影响  

The Impact of Impeller Simplification on the Hydrodynamic Feature of Axial Flow Blood Pump

作　　者：李国荣[1] 朱晓东[1] 郝宗超[2] 田步升[2] 陈海丰 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院外科,北京100037 [2]长治医学院附属和平医院,长治046002 [3]长治商业医院,长治046000

出　　处：《中国医疗器械信息》2010年第4期44-46,80,共4页China Medical Device Information

摘　　要：目的:笔者长期从事心脏辅助装置的研制。近年来研制了I,II两型微型轴流泵式心脏辅助装置流体力学特性已达临床应用的需要。关于泵结构设计,笔者始终认为越简单的结构越可取。本文研究了改变叶轮结构对血泵性能的影响,为进一步简化血泵内结构,提高其综合性能探索新途径。材料方法:轴流泵由电机定子系统、泵筒及流体推进系统组成。流体推进系统包括前导流叶、尾导流叶及转子叶轮体。转子叶轮体由叶轮和转子连接而成,转子由稀土永磁材料压制为圆柱型,包被在推进叶轮的轮毂中,与叶轮同轴装配。在体外模拟循环回路中对叶轮的分段式和连续式叶片结构进行了比较,以确定其流体力学特性。在同一轴流泵中对比不同的叶轮,所用叶轮直径均为13.8毫米,长度28毫米,但叶片结构不同。结果:体外模拟测试表明两类叶轮的流体力学特性均可在100毫米汞柱条件下输出5L/分钟流量。叶片结构可明显影响迸的流体力学性能.连续式叶片的流体输出稍低于分段式叶片泵。结论:分段式叶片轴流泵有更好的流体力学特性,但连续式叶片结构具有简单易加工的优点,流体力学特性的下降并不明显,在进一步优化泵结构的设计中仍具有可行性。Objiect： Two types of miniature axial flow pump, type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ, have been developed by our group in recent years. The hydrodynamic featured of an axial flow pump were strongly infected by its impeller configuration. With the believe about the pump desgin that ＂the simplest is the best＂ in mind,various impellers were compared to optimize pump structure in our research. Methods： The axial flow pump is composed of a mortor sator with columnar pump shell and a propeller set, including flow straightener, diffuser, impeller and magnetic rotor. Impellers of uniform dimension but different structure were sequentially replaced in a same pump to evaluate its alteration in hydrodynamic characteristics in a mock circulation. All of the impellers were 13.8 mm in diameter and 28 mm in length. Results： The impellers with continuous and intercept blades were particularly compared. In vitro study shows that two types of the impeller could produce output of 5L/min against the pressure of 100 mmHg, which was enough for left ventricular assistance, while significant change in the hydrodynamic feature was produced by the replacement of the pump impeller. The hydrodynamic output was slightly decreased with the impeller of continuous blades, indicating that the intercept blades was more effective. Conclusion： The pump with intercept blades has excellent characteristics. Although the impeller of continuous blades would slightly decrease the pump hydrodynamic efficiency but they possess the advantages of simpleness in structure and facility for fabricating. Simplifing the impeller structure with continuous blades is still feasible in further optimization of axial flow pump.

关 键 词：心脏辅助 轴流泵 人工心脏 心功能衰竭 

分 类 号：R318.1[医药卫生—生物医学工程]