汉语量词的语义演变研究  

A STUDY ON SEMANTIC CHANGES OF CHINESE UNIT WORDS

作　　者：彭媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学外国语学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2010年第2期92-96,共5页Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：借助《汉语大字典》、《汉语大辞典》共查阅了50个现代汉语中常用的量词,通过对这些量词的本义形成过程及其转义进行考察,分析了量词的部分语义演变规律,认为量词的本义来源多样:按词性分,量词可来源于名词、动词、形容词、拟声词;按意义分,量词可来源于本义、引申义或假借义;按途径分,量词可遵循单线、双线或多线的词义引申路径。而量词的转义相对简单,是在量词本义形成的基础上通过义素贯穿始终或义素有所脱落两种方式进行语义泛化的,量词所修饰限定的对象也就由个别扩大到一般,由具体扩展到抽象。Through a detailed survey of 50 often used Chinese unit words from Han Yu Da Zi Dian and Han Yu Da Ci Dian,this essay analyzes the formation of the original meaning and semantic changes of these unit words.The study reveals that unit words in Chinese have various origins according to part of speech,word meaning,and usage.However,semantic changes of Chinese unit words happen in a comparatively simple way.The original meaning of these words gets generalized with or without sememes,and the objects they modify get generalized.

关 键 词：现代汉语 量词 本义来源 转义方式 演变 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]