培肥对烟田土壤化学性质及烟草品质的影响  

Effects of soil fertilization on soil chemical properties and tobacco quality

作　　者：许静[1,2] 刘海轮[2,3] 和文祥[2] 邢少峰[1,2] 高亚军[2] 邓小成 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西陇县721200 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省烟草公司,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第4期86-90,98,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省烟草专卖局科技重大专项“陕西省基本烟田综合治理工程”;农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803029-13);西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干人才支持计划项目

摘　　要：【目的】针对烟田连作中土壤肥力下降、烟叶品质降低的问题,研究不同培肥措施对烟田土壤和烟草品质的影响,从中筛选最佳培肥模式,为陕西渭北旱塬地区烤烟生产提供依据。【方法】于2008年在陕西陇县以秦烟96为供试材料,以不施肥为对照,测定不同培肥措施(化肥、烟草专用肥、有机肥、有机肥+化肥)下烟田土壤化学性质、烟株农艺性状、烟叶品质的变化,并对土壤化学性质与烟株农艺性状和烟叶品质的相关性进行分析。【结果】有机肥+化肥处理的烟田土壤化学性质得到较大改善,有机质含量增幅达到38.3%,烟株长势好,增加了烟株的株高、叶数、茎围、节距、最大叶长和最大叶宽,提升了烟叶品质。相关分析表明,培肥后土壤的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量与烟草农艺性状各项指标呈显著或极显著正相关,土壤速效钾含量与烟叶烟碱、氮、钾含量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】烟田培肥不仅提高了土壤肥力,而且改善了烟草品质,其中有机肥+化肥是研究区烟田土壤较优的培肥模式;提高土壤速效钾含量是提升烟叶钾含量和烟叶品质的主要措施之一。[Objective] In view of the decrease in tobacco quality and soil fertility in continunous crop-ping tobacco field,we studied the effect of fertilization on soil and tobacoo qualities,and selected the optimum fertilization model to provide evidence for flue-cured tobacco production in Weibei dryland of Shaanxi province. [Method] With Qinyan96 as the tobacco species tested in Longxian Shaanxi province in 2008,and no fertilizer as control treatment, the agronomical character and the quality of tobacco, soil physic-chemical properties of different fertilizing steps （chemical fertilizer, tobacco-specific fertilizer, organic manure, organ- ic manure and chemical fertilizer） were analyzed, meanwhile the data were finished by the correlation and differential analysis. [Result] The agronomical character of tobacco, soil fertility and quality of tobacco after applying organic manure＋chemical fertilizer was improved. The organic matter increased to 38.3 %,the quality of tobacco was improved because the tobacco height, leaf numbers, stem girth, knot length,maxi-mum leaf length and maximum leaf width were increased. There were significant or remarkably significant positive eorrelations between organic,alkali N,available P of soils and agronomieal characters of tobaccos, and the same to the available K in soil and nicotine,nitrogen and potassi in tobacco. [Conclusionl Soil fertility and tobacco quality were synehronized after appling fertilizers,and organic manure -/- chemical fertilizer is a better fertilizing model in Shaanxi Province. Soil available K is one of the major ways to improve tobacco quality.

关 键 词：培肥 土壤化学性质 农艺性状 烟叶品质 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]